【正文】 about a hundred years ago. A. to be built B. to have been built C. to have built D. to have being built 使用不帶to的不定式 1)why not do表示委婉的建議 例１：Why not_A____Professor Li for help He is kindhearted and willing to help. A. ask B. you ask C. to ask D. your asking 2)使役動(dòng)詞have, make, let的后面接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，用省to的不定式。ll have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking ★過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) (had been doing) ★ 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(will have been doing ) 例7：By the time you arrive this evening, __D_____for two hours. A. I will study B. I will have been studied C. I had studied D. I will have been studying. 3. 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) ▲用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí) 散發(fā)出 例1：When the mixture____C_, it will give off a powerful force. 力 A. will heat 混合物 B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated 例2：please be sure to telephone me the next time you __D____. A. will e B. would e C. shall e D. e▲用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí) 例3：Smith is to study medicine as soon as he___B____ military service. 醫(yī)學(xué)、藥物 軍事 A. will finish B. has finished C. finish D. would finish注意： 例4：No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she__D____ them. 展出 適合 A. tries B. will try C. are trying D. has tried 4. 考試小竅門(mén) ◆考試中如果遇到與完成時(shí)態(tài)相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)，要重點(diǎn)加以研讀，一般說(shuō)來(lái)是正確答案。 二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1. 幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式的含義 can’t may not mustn’t need’t 2. 表示推測(cè)的幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法 ★must表示肯定的推測(cè)，意思是“一定” +do 對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè) must +have done 對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè) 角落 例1：I ___C____ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night. A. might fall B. must fall C. must have fallen D. can have fallen ★ can’t/could’t表示否定的推測(cè)，意思是“不可能” +do 對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè) can’t/couldn’t +have done 對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè) ★ may/might not表示可能性很小的推測(cè)，意思是“也許…” +do 對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè) may/might +have done 對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè) 3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法 needn’t have done should have done should not have done ought to have done could have done 4. 考試小竅門(mén) 在遇到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成時(shí)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加原形同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的情況下，一般說(shuō)來(lái)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加完成時(shí)是正確答案。 例２：The teacher has the students ___D__ a position every other week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write例３：While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_C____ A. broke B. break C. broken D. breaking 例４：There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself__D___ A. hearing B. being told C. to hear D. heard 觀察、研究3)表示生理感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，用省to的不定式。 petent 指“勝任”，“合格”，或受過(guò)專業(yè)技術(shù)等訓(xùn)練的，但不是超群的能力。如： But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．可首先快些告訴我該做什么。 He is，after all，a small child．他畢竟還是個(gè)小孩子。如： He doesn’t like you at all．他根本不喜歡你。如： There are 25,000 Inuit in all．(＝In all, there are 25,000 Inuit．) 這兒共有25,000因努伊特人。如：The passengers are boarding the plane now. broad 為形容詞，寬廣的。如：a traffic accident （交通事故） incident“附帶事件”，在政治上特指引起國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的事件，事變。） correct“正確的”，指符合一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則，含有“無(wú)錯(cuò)誤的”意味。 accuse, charge, sue accuse 指責(zé)，指控，常與of 搭配。如：acquire knowledge （獲得知識(shí)） inquire打聽(tīng)，詢問(wèn)。如：Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. （他們自己沒(méi)有孩子，所以決定收養(yǎng)一個(gè)小女孩。1advantage, benefit, profit advantage 常指一種使某人處于比其他人相對(duì)有利的地位，機(jī)會(huì)或時(shí)機(jī)。如：I get no personal benefit from the business.（我個(gè)人從這家企業(yè)中并不獲益。 afford一般只用于抽象事物。 　　例如，I saw him ten minutes 。 agree to有兩層含義和用法： 其一是to作為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，其后跟動(dòng)詞原形，作“同意（答應(yīng)）做某事”解。 agree with作“同意某人的意見(jiàn)”解，其后可跟表示人的名詞或代詞，也可跟表示“意見(jiàn)”或“說(shuō)的話”的名詞或從句。 living可用于人或物，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可前可后。如：He is almost (nearly) smoking. （他幾乎每天抽煙。如：When she is left alone, she feels lonely. （剩下她一人時(shí)她就感到寂寞。如：Altogether there are six of us. （我們總計(jì)六人。 though。although與though?？苫Q。例如： Young as／though he is, he knows a lot． 他雖然年紀(jì)不大，卻懂得很多。例如： They said they would e。例如： I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes． 盡管你穿著便衣，我相信你是在值勤。 answer是常用詞，后可接letter（回信），question（回答問(wèn)題），doorbell（開(kāi)門(mén)），telephone（接電話），advertisement（應(yīng)征廣告）等。如：He quickly responded to the question. （他很快就回答了問(wèn)題。） （2）批準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)。 rise是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“上升”，該詞是不及物動(dòng)詞：rise, rose, risen raise是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“舉起”。如： As far as I know, more than 10 million laidoff workers have found their new jobs． 就我所知，一千多萬(wàn)下崗工人已經(jīng)找到了新的工作。如： He spoke as though（as if）he had been here before．他說(shuō)話的口氣好像他以前來(lái)過(guò)這里。though引導(dǎo)的句子所說(shuō)的是事實(shí)，even though引導(dǎo)的句子所說(shuō)的則不一定是事實(shí)。 ensure的意思是“保證”，后面可以接雙賓語(yǔ)，也可以接that從句。例如： Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term． 學(xué)生們?cè)陂_(kāi)學(xué)初制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。 at that time。 有時(shí)，at the time的后面可接“of．．．”短語(yǔ)。例如： In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan．At that time (＝At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was being very crowded． at one time＝during a period of time in the past意為“過(guò)去有一段時(shí)期”，“曾經(jīng)”。例如： Don’t speak all at once．One at a time, please． 不要同時(shí)一起說(shuō)。 awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用于比喻。如：I await your further instructions.wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，后常接介詞for。 3because／since／as／for 這四個(gè)詞都是表示原因或理由的連接詞，但是as，because，since是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，for是并列連詞，所引導(dǎo)的不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，而是表示理由的對(duì)等句子，是對(duì)前面所講內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明。 as與since引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句首，不過(guò)as表示十分明顯的原因，只說(shuō)明一般的因果關(guān)系，可譯為“因?yàn)?、由于”；而since則表示稍加分析、對(duì)方已知的原因，一般可譯為“既然”。 for引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句末，其前用逗號(hào)，它所敘述的理由是間接的，即推測(cè)性理由，或是對(duì)前面敘述的事實(shí)或看法的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。如：He has won the race.（他贏得了賽跑的勝利。用于肯定句中時(shí)，except／but意為“除……外（不再有）”；besides意為“除……外（還有）”。如： I’ll do everything except／but cook． 除了做飯，我什么事情都干。 3be known as； be known for； be known to； be known in be known as 意為“作為……而著名”，其后的名詞表示一個(gè)人的身份、職業(yè)等。如： Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers．桂林因其美麗的山水而聞名。如： He is known to all in our village．村子里的人都了解他。如：Can you lend me your bike3bring/take/fetch/carr