【正文】 一、時態(tài)和語態(tài) 1. 如何解答時態(tài)問題 例1：You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You __A____ just last week. A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed 例2：Anne asked Tom ___B___ the key. A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left 考試重點： 2. 與完成時有關(guān)的時態(tài) ★現(xiàn)在完成時 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now 例1：Collecting toy cars as a hobby bees increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A B C D 例2：English ___A___ in a new way at my college in the past few years. A. has been taught B. was being taught C. has been taught D. had been taught. ★過去完成時 (had done) 例3：Anne asked Tom __B____ the key. A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left *例4：The chemistry class__A*___ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been on B. had begun C. has been on D. would began ★將來完成時 (will have done) by 例5：We’re late I expect the film_C____ by the time we get to the cinema. A. had already started B. have already C. will already have started D. have already been started. ★現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 (have been doing) 例6：It seems oil _____D______ from this pipe for some time. We39。ll have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking ★過去完成進(jìn)行時 (had been doing) ★ 將來完成進(jìn)行時(will have been doing ) 例7：By the time you arrive this evening, __D_____for two hours. A. I will study B. I will have been studied C. I had studied D. I will have been studying. 3. 在時間和條件狀語從句中不用將來時態(tài) ▲用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時 散發(fā)出 例1：When the mixture____C_, it will give off a powerful force. 力 A. will heat 混合物 B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated 例2：please be sure to telephone me the next time you __D____. A. will e B. would e C. shall e D. e▲用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時 例3：Smith is to study medicine as soon as he___B____ military service. 醫(yī)學(xué)、藥物 軍事 A. will finish B. has finished C. finish D. would finish注意： 例4：No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she__D____ them. 展出 適合 A. tries B. will try C. are trying D. has tried 4. 考試小竅門 ◆考試中如果遇到與完成時態(tài)相關(guān)的選項，要重點加以研讀，一般說來是正確答案。 二、情態(tài)動詞 1. 幾個情態(tài)動詞的否定式的含義 can’t may not mustn’t need’t 2. 表示推測的幾個情態(tài)動詞用法 ★must表示肯定的推測，意思是“一定” +do 對現(xiàn)在情況的推測 must +have done 對過去情況的推測 角落 例1：I ___C____ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night. A. might fall B. must fall C. must have fallen D. can have fallen ★ can’t/could’t表示否定的推測，意思是“不可能” +do 對現(xiàn)在情況的推測 can’t/couldn’t +have done 對過去情況的推測 ★ may/might not表示可能性很小的推測，意思是“也許…” +do 對現(xiàn)在情況的推測 may/might +have done 對過去情況的推測 3. 情態(tài)動詞的完成時虛擬語氣的用法 needn’t have done should have done should not have done ought to have done could have done 4. 考試小竅門 在遇到情態(tài)動詞加完成時和情態(tài)動詞加原形同時出現(xiàn)的情況下，一般說來情態(tài)動詞加完成時是正確答案。 Must do √ Must have done 三、虛擬語氣 趙文通 考試重點： 1. 條件句中的虛擬語氣 例１：I would ask George to lend us the money if I __C__ him. A. had known B. have known C. knew D. would know 例２：If a better material ___A___, the strength of the part would have been increased. A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using條件句中的虛擬語氣需要注意以下三點： 如果條件句中有were, had, should時，可以把if省略，然后把這三個單詞提前，形成倒裝。 例3：__D___ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. A. If he took B. if he should takeC. Were he to take D. Had he taken 含蓄條件句中虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用 三級考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的三個句型： But for/without…，…… ……, otherwise/or… ……, but/though…. *例４：But for your help, I __D___ the work in time. A. did not finish B. could not finish A. will not finish D. would not have finished 例５：Without electricity, human life _D____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 例６：He was very busy yesterday。 otherwise he__B___ to the meeting. A. would have e B. would e C. could e D. had e 例７：We would have made a lot of money, but we B halfway A. gave up B. had given up give up D. were to give up 錯綜時間條件句 例８：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. 2. (should )+動詞原形在某些從句中的應(yīng)用 1)當(dāng)賓語從句從的謂語是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, mand, arrange等動詞時,如: 例１：I suggested that we should go there on foot. 注意:當(dāng)insist表示堅持認(rèn)為之意時, 不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣. 如: 例２：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主語從句中 例３：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, : 例４：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening 3. wish后的賓與從句中應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語氣 4. if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中 5. as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中 6. would rather后的句子的虛擬語氣謂語動詞用過去式 7. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 從句的謂語動詞用過去式 四、非謂語動詞 1. 不定式 不定式的邏輯主語 荒涼的 例１：The road is wild enough for cars to pass by. 例２：It is important for you to work hard. 例３：It is kind of you to help me. 不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 例４：The magnificent museum is said __B___ about a hundred years ago. A. to be built