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成人學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料(編輯修改稿)

2025-05-24 13:35 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 人處于比其他人相對有利的地位,機會或時機。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受過良好的教育對他十分有利。) profit 多指報償或報償性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year (你去年賺錢了嗎?) benefit 指物質(zhì)利益或精神方面的好處。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我個人從這家企業(yè)中并不獲益。) 11affect, effect affect影響(動詞)。如Smoking affects health. effect效果,影響(名詞)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.1afford, provide, supply 都有“提供,供給”的意思。 afford一般只用于抽象事物。 provide 和supply意思相同,兩個詞都和with連用,構(gòu)成provide /supply somebody with something的結(jié)構(gòu)。1ago, before ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點的“以前”,常與一般過去時連用,不可以單獨使用。 before指過去或?qū)淼哪硶r刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成時連用,可以單獨使用。   例如,I saw him ten minutes 。   He told me that he had seen the film 。1agree on;agree to;agree with agree on作“就……取得一致意見”解。例如: The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. 上月,就建一座新汽車廠之事達成了協(xié)議。 agree to有兩層含義和用法: 其一是to作為動詞不定式符號,其后跟動詞原形,作“同意(答應(yīng))做某事”解。 例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父親答應(yīng)給我買支新鋼筆。 其二是to作為介詞,之后跟表示“計劃/條件/建議等一類的名詞或代詞”。例如: They have a greed to our plan. 他們已同意我們的計劃。 agree with作“同意某人的意見”解,其后可跟表示人的名詞或代詞,也可跟表示“意見”或“說的話”的名詞或從句。例如: He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意見。 We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我們同意他在會上講的話。 1alive, living, live alive 指雖有死的可能,但仍活著,一般只作表語。 living可用于人或物,作定語時可前可后。 live只做前置定語,用于動物和個別事物前。1almost, nearly 一般說來,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“開始”、“完成” (目標(biāo))等。 在all, every, always 前,兩者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他幾乎每天抽煙。) almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 連用,而nearly卻不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (幾乎沒人相信他。)1alone, lonely alone只表“獨自”的客觀狀態(tài),沒有感情色彩,只作表語;lonely表“孤獨”,:“寂寞”,能作定語和表語。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人時她就感到寂寞。) alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone須置于被修飾詞之后,only往往置于被修飾詞前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能記起這段經(jīng)歷。)1altogether, all together altogether總計,總共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我們總計六人。) all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我們大家都一起來玩游戲吧。)although。 though。 as 三者均可表示“盡管;雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。although用法較正式,語氣較強;though較常用;as則主要用于倒裝句。它們的用法有如下幾點值得注意: 狀語從句由although, though或as引導(dǎo),主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列連詞,但可有yet或still等副詞。although與though??苫Q。例如: Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他雖然相信它,但卻不肯有所行動。 as表示“盡管;雖然”,只能用于倒裝句,即:將表語、狀語或謂語動詞放在as之前。though也可這么用。例如: Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他雖然年紀(jì)不大,卻懂得很多。 注意:如果表語是單數(shù)名詞,要省略a。例如: Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 雖然他是個孩子,但他會說兩門外語。 though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although卻不能。例如: They said they would e。 they did not, though. 他們說他們會來,可是他們并沒有來。 although只用來陳述“事實”,不能表示“假設(shè)”。因此可以說even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能說even although或as although。例如: I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes. 盡管你穿著便衣,我相信你是在值勤。2among, between among 在……中間(三者或三者以上之間)。如:Our house is hidden among trees. between在兩者之間。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.2answer, reply, respond 用作動詞,都可表“回答”,“答復(fù)”。 answer是常用詞,后可接letter(回信),question(回答問題),doorbell(開門),telephone(接電話),advertisement(應(yīng)征廣告)等。 reply較正式,一般只作不及物動詞,可與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問題。) respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了問題。) 另外,respond還可表“對……反應(yīng)”,“響應(yīng)”。2approve, prove approve(1)贊成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費時間。) (2)批準(zhǔn),通過。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部長批準(zhǔn)了建筑計劃。 prove和approve詞形相似,prove是“證明”,“表明是”等。2arise/rise/raise/ arouse arise是一個不及物動詞,意思是“起源于(和from連用)和“出現(xiàn)”。 rise是一個不及物動詞,意思是“上升”,該詞是不及物動詞:rise, rose, risen raise是一個及物動詞,意思是“舉起”。 arouse的意思是“引起,導(dǎo)致”。 Black smoke rose from the He is too weak to raise that heavy box. Accidents usually arise from carelessness . A crisis has arisen in their marriage. 危機 Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.2as (so) far as。 as (so) long as as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一種具體用法,意為“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意為“只要”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。如: As far as I know, more than 10 million laidoff workers have found their new jobs. 就我所知,一千多萬下崗工人已經(jīng)找到了新的工作。 There is nothing that we can’t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it. 只要我們不斷地努力去做,就沒有什么事干不成。 As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go. 就中國的旅游業(yè)而言,需要做的工作還很多。2as though;even though;though as though(=as if),意為“好像;似乎”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句。如: He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他說話的口氣好像他以前來過這里。 It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起來好像要下雨。 even though(=even if),意為“即使”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。though也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“雖然”;even though有退一步設(shè)想的意味,與though不同。though引導(dǎo)的句子所說的是事實,even though引導(dǎo)的句子所說的則不一定是事實。例如: He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道這個秘密,他也不肯說出來。 He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他雖然知道這個秘密,但他不會說出來。2assure, ensure, insure assure的意思是“使(某人)確信”,一般用作:assure sb. of /that…,后面不能直接跟that從句。 ensure的意思是“保證”,后面可以接雙賓語,也可以接that從句。 insure的意思是“給…上保險”。例如: He assured me that it was true. We can’t ensure you a good post. My house is insured against fire. 2at the beginning;in the beginning at the beginning 在……初;在……開始的時候。常與of連用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 學(xué)生們在開學(xué)初制定學(xué)習(xí)計劃。 in the beginning 相當(dāng)于at first,表示“起初、開始”時,含“起初是這種情況,而后來卻不是這種情況”之意,不與of連用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics. 起初我們有些人對物理不感興趣。 2at the time。 at that time。 at one time。 at a time at the time通常用于過去時句子中,指某件事情發(fā)生的“當(dāng)時”、“那時”。例如: Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 當(dāng)時,許多人都看到了這件奇怪的事情的發(fā)生。 有時,at the time的后面可接“of...”短語。這時,它表示“在(某事態(tài))發(fā)生的時候”或“在……的時代”。例如: Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖ 1989年舊金山發(fā)生地震時,你在那里嗎? at that time 則通常指前文明確提到的某個時期、時候。通常其后不帶“of...”短語。例如: In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time (=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was being very crowded. at one time=during a per
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