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,下面將集合名詞的有關(guān)用法作一歸納: ?、耦悾哼@一類包括cattle(牛),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:只有單數(shù)形式,但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常也用復(fù)數(shù)。 同時(shí)也要注意不要將以上兩種用法混在一起。 但是值得注意的是,雖然以上兩種用法都可以,但千萬(wàn)不要將這兩種用法混雜在一起。要做好此題,先要弄清tea的兩種用法: 茶,是物質(zhì)名詞,不可數(shù): I don39。這里work有三個(gè)意思很容易弄混: 工作是不可數(shù)名詞: He has too much work to 。s great fun for us to be with her。祝你好運(yùn)。二是名詞progress的可數(shù)性。 1) 用于be+形容詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的??夹稳菰~ anxious,boring,dangerous,pleased,hard,eager,easy,fortunate,strange,good,ready,usual,prepared,surprised,mon,useless,asked,lucky,difficult,likely satisfied,careful,sure,glad,bored,certain,etc 2) 用于名詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的常考名詞: failure,offer,plan,ability,decision,desire,chance,permission,occasion,fun,honor,capacity,wish,pleasure,opportunity,demand,way ,refusal,responsibility,freedom,promise,etc.成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語(yǔ)詞匯及常用語(yǔ)法集錦詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)題型中??荚~匯: 1 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 賓語(yǔ)從句:order,demand,require,request,direct,mand,urge,rule,suggest,advise,vote,propose move,remend,prefer,decide,insist,desire,decree 主語(yǔ)從句:vital,important,essential,imperative,obligatory,necessary,unnecessary,impossible,sad,strange,natural,advisable,fitting,proper,appropriate,desirable 3) 后面跟省去“to”的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的??紕?dòng)詞: see watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,feel ,get,make,have,let ,help,bid,know,look at ,smell,etc 2009年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)名詞??伎键c(diǎn)歸納一、區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 例1:___great progress he has made! a a 此題應(yīng)選C?! 「袊@句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是: 1)how+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)! 2)what+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!(主語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)形式,其前不用a/an) 英語(yǔ)中除了像air,water,milk,iron等這些中國(guó)人一目了然的不可數(shù)名詞外,還有一些不可數(shù)名詞很容易弄錯(cuò)?! ≌`:It39?! ≌`:He gave us some advices?! ≈骰蜃髌肥强蓴?shù)名詞,但多用復(fù)數(shù): The man gained his wealth by printing words off amous 。t like to drink 。如可以說two teas,也可以說two cupsof tea,但是不能說two cups of teas. 具有類似用法的詞還有coffee(咖啡): 咖啡,是物質(zhì)名詞,不可數(shù): I prefer tea to 。如可以說two coffees,也可以說two cups of coffee,但是絕對(duì)不能說two cups of coffees. 二、數(shù)詞dozen,score,hundred,thousand,mil lion的用法 例 I want three_____ these eggs. of of 此題涉及兩個(gè)方面的問題:一是dozen是否加詞尾s,hundred,thousand,million極為相似,所以這里將它們放在一起敘述: 1)當(dāng)這些詞與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不后接介詞of(盡管有人認(rèn)為score/dozen之后有時(shí)可接of,但慣用法認(rèn)為,省略of常見):three hundred students 300名學(xué)生/three score(of)eggs 60只雞蛋不與a(n)連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指):The police are looking for will laugh at you. ?、蝾悾哼@一類包括family(家庭),team(隊(duì)),class(班),audience(聽眾)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義。 Ⅲ類:這一類包括baggage/luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),furniture(家俱),machinery(機(jī)器)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:是不可數(shù)名詞,要用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式: Our clothing protects us from[against] the 。比較: 1)All possible means have been )Every possible means has been tried. 若句意不能明確地表明主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù),其謂語(yǔ)則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可: Is [Are] there any other means of doing it?做這事還有其它的什么辦法嗎? 、方法或手段,用介詞by: Only by this means can you do it 。成人本科學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試,除了《成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)詞匯手冊(cè)》列出的詞之外,我們學(xué)習(xí)詞匯時(shí)還應(yīng)注意容易混淆的詞。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (貓?jiān)诤诎抵心芸匆姈|西。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。如:I never went aboard a ship. abroad 副詞,在國(guó)外或海外。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一個(gè)請(qǐng)柬,但并沒有接受邀請(qǐng)。 5. acplish, plete, finish, achieve, attain acplish表成功,強(qiáng)調(diào)完成的結(jié)果而不是過程。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要獨(dú)自完成這項(xiàng)工作。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火車站的鐘應(yīng)該是準(zhǔn)確的。 precise強(qiáng)調(diào)“精確”,“精密”。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house. , acquire, require, inquire achieve(成功地)完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)。如:inquire a person’s name(問一個(gè)人的姓名) require需要。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (農(nóng)夫在孩子們正偷他的蘋果時(shí)把他們抓住了。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他們感謝他做的好事。 , enough, sufficient adequate 足夠的,指數(shù)量多,適合需要的數(shù)量。Enough可放在被修飾名詞后,且可作副詞,sufficient則不可這么用。) Confess常指承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,罪行等。如:What do you advise me to do? , adapt adopt (1)收養(yǎng)。) adopt與adapt詞形相近,后者的意思是“使適合”,“改編”等。) proceed強(qiáng)調(diào)從一處向另一處的運(yùn)動(dòng),常表停頓后繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。) , benefit, profit advantage 常指一種使某人處于比其他人相對(duì)有利的地位,機(jī)會(huì)或時(shí)機(jī)。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我個(gè)人從這家企業(yè)中并不獲益。) convince指向某人陳述事實(shí),運(yùn)用推理或邏輯證明使某人信服。) , effect affect影響(動(dòng)詞)。 provide 和supply意思相同,兩個(gè)詞都和with連用,構(gòu)成provide /supply somebody with something的結(jié)構(gòu)。 aid為正式用詞,help最常用。 living可用于人或物,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可前可后。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他幾乎每天抽煙。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人時(shí)她就感到寂寞。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport. all ready準(zhǔn)備好的(作表語(yǔ))。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我們總計(jì)六人。 amaze強(qiáng)調(diào)“使驚訝”,有時(shí)還有“驚嘆”,“佩服”等意。如:Our house is hidden among trees. between在兩者之間。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。如:I am sorry to disturb you. , reply, respond 用作動(dòng)詞,都可表“回答”,“答復(fù)”。) respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。 enjoy是一般用語(yǔ),僅指感官或智力上的滿足,“享受”的意味較強(qiáng)。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了建筑計(jì)劃。如:The subject was hotly debated. dispute著重就分歧進(jìn)行熱烈的“爭(zhēng)論”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解決”的意味。) raise為及物動(dòng)詞,“使……上升”,“舉起”等。 insure表“保險(xiǎn)”,有時(shí)同ensure可以換用。 waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞,常指“吵醒”,“驚醒”。 40. award, prize, reward award, reward作動(dòng)詞。 basis多用于比喻,主要指命題的基礎(chǔ)。如:He has won the race.(他贏得了賽跑的勝利。 44. beside, besides beside在……旁邊。Big也有抽象意義,指重大的事件或行為。 46. bloom, blossom bloom多指供觀賞植物的開花。如:Can you lend me your bike? 48. bring, take bring帶來(lái)。如:It was puted that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination. estimate估計(jì),常指對(duì)數(shù)量、成本等事先進(jìn)行判斷或估計(jì)。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval. 51. childish, childlike childish幼稚的。 select側(cè)重“在同類的許多東西中,進(jìn)行有斟酌的精選”。如:You’d better give all the old clothing away. 54. plex, plicated 均可表“復(fù)雜”。如:Twelve men pose a jury.(十二人組成陪審團(tuán)。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二個(gè)月。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真體貼人,不打擾我們。如:Continual smoking is bad for health. continuous不斷延伸的,連續(xù)不斷的,強(qiáng)調(diào)中間無(wú)間斷。如:The plane crashed shortly after the takeoff.(飛機(jī)起飛不久就墜毀了。) creep多指哺乳動(dòng)物或人等用四肢爬行的動(dòng)物偷偷摸摸無(wú)聲緩慢的前行動(dòng)作。) cure表示治好,treat只表示“給……治病”。如:What’s your present address?(你現(xiàn)住址是哪里?) 62. custom, habit 均可表習(xí)慣。) 63. damage, destroy, harm, ruin 均可表“破壞”,“損壞”。) harm多指帶來(lái)悲痛,產(chǎn)生惡果的傷害,可以是肉體的也可是精神的。)另外,ruin的復(fù)數(shù)形式ruins表“廢墟”。如:He won’t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。如:Have you ever been to a desert? Dessert甜食。 duty意義較廣,多指發(fā)自內(nèi)心的道德倫理上的責(zé)任感。 effecti