【正文】 such a lot of people　 　 （ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。結(jié)果狀語從句連接詞 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引導(dǎo)。 　 I didn’t go, because I was afraid. 　 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替。連接詞：由連詞because, since, as引導(dǎo), 也可由for, now that 等詞引導(dǎo) didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然。例如： It is five months since our boss was in 。 3. 由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。(表轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，when, as都不能代替它) While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí)，那女孩給警察打了電話。( 從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)，只能用when )When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(當(dāng))我到了電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開演了。when＝and then。例如： We always sing as we walk. 我們總是邊走邊唱。 While 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對應(yīng)）。并且when有時(shí)表示“就在那時(shí)”。主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。狀語的功用：狀語說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等，根據(jù)狀語的功能狀語從句可分為：時(shí)間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句?！　±纾篢o masked who could give the message to her mother.　　Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was. ：“主現(xiàn)則從任，主過則從過，客觀真理一般現(xiàn)”1．當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語從句可以用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)?！　。?）兩個(gè)表示陳述意義的賓語從句并列時(shí)，有時(shí)省去第一個(gè)從句的連詞that，但第二個(gè)從句的連詞that一般不可以省略。賓語從句一． 定義：賓語從句是指在一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)賓語的句子 如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.二． 賓語從句有三種類型： 1．由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示陳述意義，連詞that?？杀皇÷?。如：　　He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. “是否（有，能，已經(jīng)……）”等一般疑問句的含義。2．主句是過去時(shí)，賓語從句一般只能用過去時(shí)的某種形式；當(dāng)從句敘述的是客觀事實(shí)或一般真理時(shí)，賓語從句仍然用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。一．時(shí)間狀語從句：在一個(gè)句子中作時(shí)間狀語的句子。Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. (還可以用作介詞，本句從句還可以用短語：since three years ago(自三年前以來)表示。例如： When she came in, I stopped eating. 她進(jìn)來時(shí)，我在吃飯。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對比。（as表示“一邊……一邊”） As we was going out, it began to snow. 當(dāng)我們出門時(shí)，開始下雪了。 at that moment (正在那個(gè)時(shí)候)while 用于時(shí)間較長時(shí) 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，并表示對比時(shí)有時(shí)這三個(gè)連詞可以互換，有時(shí)不可以。(從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時(shí)態(tài))He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.他正要離開，忽然電話響了。(表示主句，從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，while后引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗硎据^長時(shí)間)Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾埯惤z病了，特別是他父親不在家的時(shí)候。例如： I worked until he came 。since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。 知識擴(kuò)展1. It is …since 從….以來多長時(shí)間了It is five years since we met last time.2. It is …+before…(。3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。1. so…that 如此…以至于He always studied so hard that he made great progress.2. so that 以至于, 以便于I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的) I opened the window so that fresh air might e in. (目的)3. such…that 如此…以至It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.4. in order that=so that 為了We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.：so和 such 　其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。） 　 難點(diǎn)so+形容詞或副詞 so+形+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 so +many /few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 so +much/ little+不可數(shù)名詞 so…that與such…that皆可引導(dǎo)目的地狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句。 （錯(cuò)）No matter what you say is not useful now. （對）Whatever you say is not useful now. 你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。非限制性定語從句舉例： his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同 his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.s wedding.以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴 )定語從句只能用that的幾種情況1．當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? All that can be done has been done. There is little that I can do for you.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用whoAny man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最