農(nóng)民工相關(guān)外文翻譯-wenkub
2023-05-19 15:45:00 本頁面
【正文】 ably caused by two factors. The ?rst is conceptual confusion. Although ‘informal sector’ is a monly used term in development economics, the basic characteristics of this sector are described as ‘low wage’, ‘small and familybased’, ‘freedom of entry’, ‘lack of a stable employeremployee relationship’ and ‘being ignored by the authorities’ . The ILO (1972) de?ned the informal sector as being characterized by: (a) ease of entry。另外，個(gè)體經(jīng)營的方式可能是最具吸引的因素，一般充當(dāng)了吸引移民長期就業(yè)的因素。 國際勞工組織（ 1972 年）定義民營部門的特點(diǎn)： （一）易于進(jìn)入； （二）對本 地資源的依賴； （三）企業(yè)家族所有權(quán)； （四）企業(yè)的經(jīng)營規(guī)模較?。? （五）勞動密集，使用適應(yīng)技術(shù)； （六）在正規(guī)學(xué)校系統(tǒng)中獲得技能； （七）較少管制及競爭性的市場； 第二個(gè)可能會引致辯論的因素是有關(guān)民營部門的作用，每個(gè)國家都有自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式和獨(dú)特的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置，這些差異使得這一問題涉及到非正規(guī)部門是否在農(nóng)村向城市移民中發(fā)揮了重要作用。 背景 民營部門所扮演的“吸納城鄉(xiāng)移民”這一角色引起經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的極大興趣。 在移民文學(xué)中，民營部門的作用是一個(gè)有爭議的問題。 導(dǎo)言 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代后期以來， 90 年代初，大量農(nóng)村人口向城市遷移并“淹沒”了大多數(shù)中國城市。 The interests of these individual movers as well as of the rural and urban munities of which they are a part and to which they make important contributions can best be served by policies that take account of the needs of the resident populations in both locations as well as those who move between them. To be successful, such policies require that we recognize and give attention to all forms of population movement, including temporary movement, in our theoretical formulations, in our research and in our efforts to develop effective policies. Temporary movement may well provide an important mechanism for coping with problems of big cities and overurbanization and concurrendy with efforts to achieve rural development and to reduce inequalities between rural and urban places. Given these possibilities, the results of this analysis strongly suggest the need for a shift of research priorities to population mobility forms other than those documented by the migration registration system. The data provided by the migration registration system enpass only a small part of overall population mobility. Moreover, these data reflect more government planned involuntary migration and the differences in the ability to get permission to move, rather than individual behavior in response to opportunities. To overe these limitations, more prehensive data on population movement, covering both permanent and temporary movement and collected by specially designed national orprovincial surveys, is urgently needed both for the scholarly insights they will provide on population
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