freepeople性欧美熟妇, 色戒完整版无删减158分钟hd, 无码精品国产vα在线观看DVD, 丰满少妇伦精品无码专区在线观看,艾栗栗与纹身男宾馆3p50分钟,国产AV片在线观看,黑人与美女高潮,18岁女RAPPERDISSSUBS,国产手机在机看影片

正文內(nèi)容

海洋船舶防污染管理培訓(xùn)教材(已修改)

2024-10-28 18:59 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 Chapter Ⅵ Prevention of Pollution from Ships,?,海洋船舶防污染管理,隨著海洋運(yùn)輸業(yè)的發(fā)展,世界船隊(duì)規(guī)模不斷增大,從船舶上排入海洋及大氣中的各種有害物質(zhì)的數(shù)量與日俱增,使海洋環(huán)境日趨惡化,海洋的生態(tài)環(huán)境被破壞,尤其是一些沿岸及河口海域已遭受著嚴(yán)重的污染損害,危害人類健康(在此不僅是船舶污染損害,還包括沿岸工業(yè)污 染。為了當(dāng)代人類健康,也為子孫后代創(chuàng)造一個(gè)良好的生存環(huán)境,使人類杜會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,必須嚴(yán)格控制對(duì)海洋的污染。 船舶污染物的控制是目前航運(yùn)界主要考慮的問(wèn)題之一。,?,Substances of Pollution from Ship,oil chemicals(Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk) harmful substances in packaged form Sewage Garbage Harmful air Other substances.,?,船舶對(duì)海洋造成污染的主要物質(zhì):,石油。 散裝有毒液體物質(zhì); 包裝有害物質(zhì); 生活污水; 船舶垃圾; 有害排氣; 其他。,?,Source of Pollution from Ship,operational or deliberate causes, from routine operations accidental or negligent causes,?,船舶對(duì)海洋的污染,船舶對(duì)海洋造成污染的途徑: 操作性污染; 事故性污染。,?,The MARPOL Convention,Introduction technical Annexes,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,History : national regulations in the first half of the 20th century the United Kingdom organized the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL), 1954. in 1958, the IMO Convention entry into force.,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,History : The 1954 Convention, which was amended in 1962, 1969 and 1971, primarily addressed pollution resulting from routine tanker operations and from the discharge of oily wastes from machinery spaces regarded as the major causes of oil pollution from ships.,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,History : In 1967, the tanker Torrey Canyon ran aground while entering the English Channel and spilled her entire cargo of 120,000 tons of crude oil into the sea. The incident raised questions about measures then in place to prevent oil pollution from ships and also exposed deficiencies in the existing system for providing compensation following accidents at sea.,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,History : an international Conference in 1973 adopted the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. the Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978 MARPOL Protocol) adopted on 17 February 1978.,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,History : The combined instrument the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78) finally entered into force on 2 October 1983 (for Annexes I and II).,?,國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約,歷史背景 20世紀(jì)上半葉部分國(guó)家法規(guī); 1954年在倫敦召開(kāi)國(guó)際會(huì)議制定“54公約”; 1958年“54公約”生效; “54公約”經(jīng)1961961971年修正,重點(diǎn)在于控制油輪和機(jī)艙操作性污染。 1967年油輪Torrey Canyon 造成世界第一列大規(guī)模事故溢油。,?,國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約,歷史背景 1973年,IMO在倫敦召開(kāi)國(guó)際海洋防污染會(huì)議,制定第一個(gè)不限于油污染的具有普遍意義的《1973年國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約》,簡(jiǎn)稱MARPOL73。 MARPOL73遲遲未能生效,1978年3月,超級(jí)油輪Amoco Cadiz的觸礁,導(dǎo)致法國(guó)海域和海岸的嚴(yán)重污染。 1978年通過(guò)1978議定書,吸收了MARPOL73的內(nèi)容(對(duì)附則1作了許多修正),將公約和議定書作為一個(gè)整體,通常稱為“73/78防污公約”。 MARPOL73/78 于1983年10月2日生效。,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,technical Annexes: Annex I: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil Annex II: Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk Annex III: Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form, entered into force on 1 July 1992,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,technical Annexes: Annex IV Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships (entry into force date 27 September 2003) Annex V Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships, enter into force on 31 December 1988 Annex VI Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (adopted in September 1997 and will enter into force on 19 May 2005),?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,technical Annexes: States Parties must accept Annexes I and II, but the other Annexes are voluntary.,?,國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約,公約共有20條,另附有二個(gè)議定書和六個(gè)附則。 議定書1是關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報(bào)告的規(guī)定。 議定書2是關(guān)于爭(zhēng)端的仲裁。,?,國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約,附則I:《防止油污規(guī)則》, 1983年10月2日生效; 附則II:《控制散裝有毒液體物質(zhì)污染規(guī)則》, 1987年4月6日生效; 附則III :《防止海運(yùn)包裝有害物質(zhì)污染規(guī)則》, 1992年7月1日生效; 附則IV :《防止船舶生活污水污染規(guī)則》,2003年9月27日生效; 附則V :《防止船舶垃圾污染規(guī)則》, 1988年12月31日. 生效; 附則VI:《防止船舶造成大氣污染規(guī)則》,1997年9月26日制定,2005年5月19日生效;,?,國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約,附則I、附則II時(shí)必選附則; 其他四個(gè)為可選附則。,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報(bào)告的規(guī)定,報(bào)告的責(zé)任 當(dāng)船舶發(fā)生有害物質(zhì)事故時(shí),船舶的船長(zhǎng)或負(fù)責(zé)管理該船的其他人員,應(yīng)毫不遲延地按本議定書的規(guī)定,對(duì)事故作出詳細(xì)報(bào)告;,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報(bào)告的規(guī)定,報(bào)告的時(shí)間 當(dāng)涉及下列事故時(shí),應(yīng)作出報(bào)告: (1)不論何種原因,包括為保障船舶安全和救助海上人命而進(jìn)行的油類或有毒液體物質(zhì)的超標(biāo)排放或可能的排放;或 (2)排放或可能排放包裝形式的有害物質(zhì),包括貨物集裝箱、可移動(dòng)罐柜、公路和鐵路車輛和船載駁船裝載的有害物質(zhì);或,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報(bào)告的規(guī)定,(3)長(zhǎng)度15m及其以上的船舶發(fā)生: a 影響船舶安全的損壞、失靈或故障,包括(但不限于)碰撞、擱淺、火災(zāi)、爆炸、結(jié)構(gòu)損壞、浸水和貨物移位;或 b 導(dǎo)致影響航行安全的損壞、失靈或故障,包括(但不限于)操舵裝置、推進(jìn)裝置、發(fā)電系統(tǒng)和船上主要助航設(shè)備的失靈或故障;或,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報(bào)告的規(guī)定,(4)船舶營(yíng)運(yùn)期間,排放油類或有毒液體物質(zhì)超過(guò)現(xiàn)行公約允許的排放總量或瞬間排放率。,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報(bào)告的規(guī)定,報(bào)告的內(nèi)容 在任何情況下,報(bào)告應(yīng)包括如下內(nèi)容: (1)船舶的特征; (2)事故發(fā)生的時(shí)間,種類和地理位置; (3)有害物質(zhì)的數(shù)量和類別; (4)援助和救助的措施。,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報(bào)告的規(guī)定,補(bǔ)充報(bào)告 報(bào)告責(zé)任人如有可能: (1)在必要時(shí),應(yīng)對(duì)最初的報(bào)告提供關(guān)于進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的情況; (2)應(yīng)盡可能地滿足受影響國(guó)家索取有關(guān)補(bǔ)充資料的要求。,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報(bào)告的規(guī)定,報(bào)告的程序 報(bào)告應(yīng)通過(guò)可利用的最快的電信通信渠道,最優(yōu)先地發(fā)送給最近的沿岸國(guó)。 為執(zhí)行本議定書規(guī)定,締約國(guó)應(yīng)按照IMO的指南,頒發(fā)或敦促頒發(fā)關(guān)于報(bào)告有害物質(zhì)事故應(yīng)遵循的程序的規(guī)定或指令。,?,附則I:防止油污染規(guī)則,主要內(nèi)容:共有四章26條, 第一章總則 第二章控制操作性污染的要求 第三章關(guān)于將油船因船側(cè)和船底損壞而造成油污減至最低限度的要求 第四章防止油污事故造成污染,?,Annex I: Prevention of pollution by oil,Definitions: “Nearest land“. The term “from the nearest land“ means from the baseline from which the territorial sea of the territory in question is established in accordance with international law. “Instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content“ means the rate of discharge of oil in litres per hour at any instant divided by the speed of the ship in knots at the same instant.,?,Annex I: Prevention of pollution by oil,Definitions: “Special area“ means a sea area where for recognized technical reasons in relation to its oceanographical and ecological condition and to the particular character of its traffic the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution by oil is required. the special areas are the Mediterranean Sea area, the Baltic Sea area, the Black Sea area, the Red Sea area, the “Gulfs area“, the Gulf of Aden area, the Antarctic area and the North West European waters,?,附則I:防止油污染規(guī)則,定義 (1)油類———系指包括原油、燃料油、油泥、油渣和石油煉制品在內(nèi)的任何形式的石油。 (2)油性混合物———系指含有任何油類的混合物。 (3)燃油———系指船舶所載并用作推進(jìn)和輔助機(jī)器的燃料的任何油類。 (4)油船——
點(diǎn)擊復(fù)制文檔內(nèi)容
公司管理相關(guān)推薦
文庫(kù)吧 www.dybbs8.com
公安備案圖鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1