【正文】 新建 張家口 至 呼和浩特 鐵路項目 ZhangjiakouHohhot Railway Project 社會評估 報告 Social Assessment Report 編制單位：中央民族大學西部發(fā)展研究中心 中央民族大學中國少數(shù)民族研究中心 2020 年 11 月北京 Western Development and Research Center of Minzu University of China Chinese Minorities Research Center, Minzu University of China November 2020, BeijingIPP533 目 錄 內(nèi)容提要 .....................................................................................................................................3 1．工作任務、方法和過程 ........................................................................................................6 1． 1 任務和依據(jù) .....................................................................................................................6 1． 1． 1 任務 ........................................................................................................................6 1． 1． 2 依據(jù) ........................................................................................................................6 1． 2 評估資質(zhì) .........................................................................................................................7 1． 3 調(diào)查研究方法 ..................................................................................................................8 1． 4 調(diào)查進程及選點情況 ......................................................................................................9 1． 5 調(diào)查具體操作 ................................................................................................................ 10 1． 5． 1 調(diào)查層次 .............................................................................................................. 10 1． 5． 2 村莊調(diào)查操作 ...................................................................................................... 13 1． 5． 3 補充調(diào)查 .............................................................................................................. 15 1． 5． 4 關于調(diào)查的補充說明和鳴謝 ............................................................................... 15 2．少數(shù)民族篩查及相關政策審查 ........................................................................................... 17 2． 1 少數(shù)民族篩查的目的和必要性 ..................................................................................... 17 篩查過程及關鍵數(shù)據(jù) ...................................................................................................... 17 項目沿線少數(shù)民族的識別及含義 ................................................................................... 22 2． 3． 1 中國的民族識別和“少數(shù)民族”的含義 ............................................................ 22 2． 3． 2 項目沿線的民族識別和“少數(shù)民族”的含義 .................................................... 23 2． 4 中國的民族政策法規(guī) .................................................................................................... 24 2． 5 世界銀行政策關于“少數(shù)民族”的定義 ..................................................................... 25 2． 6 中國和世行兩種不同政策框架下“少數(shù)民族”的比較 .............................................. 25 2． 7 小結(jié) ............................................................................................................................... 27 3．土地制度 .............................................................................................................................. 28 3． 1 國家基本土地制度 ........................................................................................................ 28 3． 2 農(nóng)村土地制度 ................................................................................................................ 29 3． 3 項目區(qū)土地制度 ............................................................................................................ 30 3． 4 小結(jié) ............................................................................................................................... 30 4．少數(shù)民族 .............................................................................................................................. 31 4． 1 少數(shù)民族概況 ................................................................................................................ 31 4． 1． 1 內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)少數(shù)民族概況 ............................................................................... 31 4． 1． 2 項目沿線少數(shù)民族概況 ....................................................................................... 31 4． 2 項 目區(qū)農(nóng)村資源條件與居民生計方式 ......................................................................... 31 1 / 57 4． 2． 1 資源總體狀況 ...................................................................................................... 31 4． 2． 2 項目沿線資源概況 ............................................................................................... 33 4． 3 沿線居民生計模式 ........................................................................................................ 33 4． 4 項目沿線蒙古族社會文化與生計 ................................................................................. 34 4． 4． 1 蒙古族概況 .......................................................................................................... 34 4． 4． 2 項目區(qū)蒙古族生計方式 ....................................................................................... 35 4． 5 項目區(qū)回族基本情況 ................................................................................................... 36 4． 6 項目區(qū)民族關系及族際比較 ......................................................................................... 37 4． 7 項目區(qū)少數(shù)民族參與權與知情權保障 ......................................................................... 38 4． 8 小結(jié) ............................................................................................................................... 39 5．貧困與社會性別 .................................................................................................................. 40 5． 1 項目區(qū)貧困狀況 ............................................................................................................ 40 5． 1． 1 概況 ...................................................................................................................... 40 5． 1． 2 貧困原因及