【正文】
新形勢(shì)下的大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)融資問(wèn)題及對(duì)策研究摘 要隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,涌現(xiàn)出越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生構(gòu)成一個(gè)群體來(lái)組團(tuán)創(chuàng)業(yè)。在我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中,大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)有著很重要的意義。若出現(xiàn)大量創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng),經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)可以得到一個(gè)促進(jìn)的作用,進(jìn)而提高我國(guó)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和綜合國(guó)力,在轉(zhuǎn)變我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式時(shí)也是一項(xiàng)重要途徑;而大學(xué)生進(jìn)行個(gè)人自主創(chuàng)業(yè)對(duì)于就業(yè)壓力還可以起到一定的緩解作用,使就業(yè)中的矛盾得到相應(yīng)的解決。在國(guó)家和社會(huì)的發(fā)展中,創(chuàng)業(yè)可以起到助推器的作用,同時(shí)帶動(dòng)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,使技術(shù)得到創(chuàng)新,生產(chǎn)力水平得到提高,也有了更多的就業(yè)崗位進(jìn)而解決一部分大學(xué)生的就業(yè)問(wèn)題。在對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)中,創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)得到了多個(gè)國(guó)家的政府和學(xué)術(shù)的研究者的普遍認(rèn)可。從上個(gè)世紀(jì)的90年代開(kāi)始,中國(guó)引進(jìn)了創(chuàng)業(yè)競(jìng)賽,進(jìn)而意識(shí)到在大學(xué)生進(jìn)行創(chuàng)業(yè)的過(guò)程中迫切需要進(jìn)行相關(guān)的創(chuàng)業(yè)教育,全國(guó)各大高校將關(guān)于創(chuàng)業(yè)方面的課程和體系得到了完善。之后我國(guó)改善了創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境,提高了創(chuàng)業(yè)的氛圍,中國(guó)越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生開(kāi)始了創(chuàng)業(yè),但是在創(chuàng)業(yè)的成功率方面,和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比還是略低。業(yè)企業(yè)融資難已成為阻礙我國(guó)的大學(xué)生發(fā)展創(chuàng)業(yè)規(guī)模的一股阻力,可否順利解決這一問(wèn)題具有很大的重要性。一方面,它關(guān)系到大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)的健康發(fā)展,另一方面,它可以直接影響到國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)以及既定目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。本文針對(duì)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的主要融資困難,從政府及金融幾個(gè)、高校、社會(huì)及創(chuàng)業(yè)者自身等方面分析其融資難的原因,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,有了一定的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。關(guān)鍵詞:大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè);融資;融資困難ABSTRACTWith the development of China39。s economy, more and more college students are emerging. Entrepreneurship has a very important significance to the economic development of our country, to carry out a large number of business activities, not only can promote economic growth, enhance the prehensive national strength and international petitiveness, but also has bee an important way to change the economic growth mode in China。 college students entrepreneurship can also ease the employment pressure, solve the contradiction of employment. Entrepreneurial activities for national and social development plays an important role in promoting entrepreneurship, promote regional economic development, to achieve technological innovation, improve the level of productivity, create more jobs and promote the employment of College students. The contribution of entrepreneurship to the society and economy has been widely recognized by governments and academic researchers in various countries. Since the introduction of the entrepreneurship petition in 90s, China has realized the importance of entrepreneurship education to college students39。 entrepreneurship, and each university has set up and improved the curriculum system of entrepreneurship education. As China39。s entrepreneurial environment has been improved, entrepreneurial atmosphere has improved, China39。s College Students39。 entrepreneurial ratio also increased, but the success rate of college students in terms of success is relatively low pared to the developed countries.Entrepreneurial enterprises financing has bee the bottleneck of China39。s entrepreneurial enterprises to further development, can effectively solve this problem, not only related to the healthy development of College Students39。 entrepreneurial enterprises, but also directly affect the realization of the target of the national economy. In this paper the main financing difficulties of college students entrepreneurship, from several universities, government and financial, social and other aspects of the entrepreneur39。s own reasons for its financing, and on this basis, put forward the corresponding countermeasures.Key words: college students entrepreneurship。 financing。 financing difficulties目 錄引言 1一、大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)融資問(wèn)題研究現(xiàn)狀 1(一)相關(guān)概念的界定 1創(chuàng)業(yè)融資的界定及特性 1大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)融資的特點(diǎn) 2融資的相關(guān)理論 3(二)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 4國(guó)外文獻(xiàn)綜述 4國(guó)內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)綜述 5(二)我國(guó)的大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)融資的背景及方式 7我國(guó)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)背景 7我國(guó)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)融資的方式 9二、大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)融資問(wèn)題研究面臨的問(wèn)題及其原因 11(一)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)融資問(wèn)題研究面臨的問(wèn)題 11缺乏政府平臺(tái) 11缺乏正規(guī)投資渠道 11融資存在盲目性 11(一)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)融資問(wèn)題研究面臨問(wèn)題的成因 12 12 13 14 14三、解決大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)融資問(wèn)題的對(duì)策建議 16(一)對(duì)政府及金融投資機(jī)構(gòu)政策建議 16完善創(chuàng)業(yè)小額貸款政策,相關(guān)部門嚴(yán)格政策落實(shí)執(zhí)行力度 16大力發(fā)展創(chuàng)業(yè)基金輔助科技型創(chuàng)業(yè) 16建立科學(xué)規(guī)范的創(chuàng)業(yè)金融體系 17(二)對(duì)高校的政策建議 17宣傳培訓(xùn) 17聯(lián)合企業(yè)成立基金 18(三)對(duì)社會(huì)公眾的政策建議 18(四)對(duì)大學(xué)創(chuàng)業(yè)者的建議 18加快改革步伐,規(guī)范企業(yè)公司治理 18強(qiáng)化經(jīng)營(yíng)者素質(zhì),加強(qiáng)融資管理 19結(jié)語(yǔ) 20參考文獻(xiàn) 21致 謝 243引言截至今年5月1日,與去年相比較而言,%,折合為人數(shù)高達(dá)765萬(wàn)人,再次成為了歷史的最高點(diǎn)。據(jù)相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì),如今,我國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面面臨的最大難題就是勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)的問(wèn)題,而在21世紀(jì)實(shí)業(yè)的人員之中,大學(xué)生是主要的群體。就業(yè)形勢(shì)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)峻,而在中共十七大提出的政策方針表示要促進(jìn)以創(chuàng)業(yè)來(lái)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)、并使更多的就業(yè)者變?yōu)閯?chuàng)業(yè)者。因此,對(duì)于大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)我們要抱以鼓勵(lì)的態(tài)度去支持他們。大多數(shù)大學(xué)生在創(chuàng)業(yè)的過(guò)程中遇到的最主要的困難就是對(duì)資金和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的缺乏。也有很多個(gè)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)者紛紛表示,在創(chuàng)業(yè)期遇到的第一個(gè)瓶頸就是資金問(wèn)題,資金的缺乏是他們難以進(jìn)行接下來(lái)的項(xiàng)目。而解決資金缺乏這一問(wèn)題的方法又是有限的,尤其是在遭遇了金融危機(jī)的時(shí)候,不管是銀行機(jī)構(gòu)還是風(fēng)投機(jī)構(gòu)再給項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行投資的時(shí)候都是非常謹(jǐn)慎的,特別是針對(duì)大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)融資問(wèn)題。針對(duì)這種情景,大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的融資問(wèn)題已經(jīng)引起了社會(huì)和政府的高度關(guān)心。創(chuàng)業(yè)是在改革開(kāi)放之后才逐漸成長(zhǎng)的新生事物,就目前而言,再創(chuàng)業(yè)融資方面的研究非常少,我國(guó)現(xiàn)狀的創(chuàng)業(yè)發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中,分析創(chuàng)業(yè)的融資問(wèn)題已經(jīng)是一種迫切的要求。借由本次的課題,希望大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)者、政府部門以及銀行之類的金融機(jī)構(gòu)可以逐漸重視創(chuàng)業(yè)的融資問(wèn)題,并且可以在融資方面對(duì)于創(chuàng)業(yè)的企業(yè)起到一定的作用。一、大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)融資問(wèn)題研究現(xiàn)狀(一)相關(guān)概念的界定創(chuàng)業(yè)融資的界定及特性在當(dāng)今的社會(huì),“創(chuàng)業(yè)”具有著相當(dāng)豐富的含義,例如:創(chuàng)業(yè)可以是創(chuàng)企業(yè)、創(chuàng)事業(yè),也可以是創(chuàng)家業(yè)。在本文中說(shuō)的創(chuàng)業(yè)只是狹義上的含義,也就是僅僅指的創(chuàng)企業(yè),所以,此處說(shuō)的創(chuàng)業(yè)融資便是在企業(yè)發(fā)展的早期或者是在創(chuàng)業(yè)階段的融資。資金就像是一個(gè)企業(yè)的血脈,是必不可少的,所以,對(duì)于一個(gè)新創(chuàng)的企業(yè)來(lái)講,融資問(wèn)題至關(guān)重要。創(chuàng)