心臟血管系統(tǒng)ppt課件(已修改)
2025-01-17 09:34 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 The Heart and Angiology 同濟(jì)大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院 解剖教研室 孫紅斌 Composition ? Cardiovascular system心血管系統(tǒng) ? Lymphatic system 淋巴系統(tǒng) The cardiovascular system Organization ? Heart 心 ? A muscle pump to maintain the flow of blood, ? Consist of four chambers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) ? Artery 動(dòng)脈 a. carry blood away from the heart ? Veins 靜脈 v. carry blood back to the heart ? Capillary 毛細(xì)血管 microscopic vessels, the area of exchange between blood and tissue fluid Blood circulation ? Systemic circulation 體循環(huán) left ventricle→aorta and its branches→capillaries of body→superior and inferior vena cava→right atrium ? Pulmonary circulation 肺循環(huán) right ventricle→pulmonary a.→capillaries of lung→pulmonary v.→right atrium Vascular anastomosis 血管吻合 ? Anastomosis between a. ? Anastomosis between v. ? Arteriolovenular anastomosis 動(dòng)靜脈吻合 ? Collateral vessels側(cè)副管 ? Circulation側(cè)支循環(huán) Rectal venous plexus Position ? Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum ? Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6 ? In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8 ? A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left External characteristics－ a hollow muscular an, pyramidal in shape , somewhat larger than a closed fist。 consists of four chanbers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) ? Cardiac apex is formed by left ventricle and is directed downwards and forwards to the left. It lies at the level of the fifth left intercostal space, 1~2cm medial to the left midclavicular line (9cm from the midline) ? Cardiac base is formed by the left atrium and to a small extent by the right atrium. It faces backward, upward and to the right Two surface ? Sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right atrium and right ventricle, and a lesser portion of its left is formed by the left auricle and ventricle. It is directed forwards and upwards ? Diaphragmatic surface is formed the ventricles－chiefly the left ventricle, directed backwards and downwards, and rest upon the central tendon of the diaphragm Three borders ? Right border－ vertical, is formed entirely by right atrium ? Left border－ round, is mainly formed by the left ventricle and partly by the left auricle ? Inferior border－h(huán)orizontal, is formed by the right ventricle and cardiac apex Four grooves ? Coronary sulcus 冠狀溝 (circular sulcus) which marks the division between atria and ventricles, contains the trunks of the coronary vessels and pletely encircles the heart ? Interatrial sulcus 房間溝 － separates the two atria and is hidden by pulmonary trunk and aorta in front ? Interventricular grooves 室間溝 －anterior and posterior, mark the division between ventricles (which separates the RV from the LV), the two grooves extend from the base of the ventricular potion to a notch called: the cardiac apical incisure 心尖切跡 Atrioventricular crux 房室交點(diǎn) － a junction of the posterior interventricular groove and coronary sulcus Chambers of the heart Right atrium 右心房 (RA) Three inlets ? Orifice of superior vena cava 上腔靜
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