心臟血管系統(tǒng)ppt課件-wenkub.com
2025-01-02 09:34 本頁面
【正文】 consists of four chanbers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) ? Cardiac apex is formed by left ventricle and is directed downwards and forwards to the left. It lies at the level of the fifth left intercostal space, 1~2cm medial to the left midclavicular line (9cm from the midline) ? Cardiac base is formed by the left atrium and to a small extent by the right atrium. It faces backward, upward and to the right Two surface ? Sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right atrium and right ventricle, and a lesser portion of its left is formed by the left auricle and ventricle. It is directed forwards and upwards ? Diaphragmatic surface is formed the ventricles－chiefly the left ventricle, directed backwards and downwards, and rest upon the central tendon of the diaphragm Three borders ? Right border－ vertical, is formed entirely by right atrium ? Left border－ round, is mainly formed by the left ventricle and partly by the left auricle ? Inferior border－h(huán)orizontal, is formed by the right ventricle and cardiac apex Four grooves ? Coronary sulcus 冠狀溝 (circular sulcus) which marks the division between atria and ventricles, contains the trunks of the coronary vessels and pletely encircles the heart ? Interatrial sulcus 房間溝 － separates the two atria and is hidden by pulmonary trunk and aorta in front ? Interventricular grooves 室間溝 －anterior and posterior, mark the division between ventricles (which separates the RV from the LV), the two grooves extend from the base of the ventricular potion to a notch called: the cardiac apical incisure 心尖切跡 Atrioventricular crux 房室交點(diǎn) － a junction of the posterior interventricular groove and coronary sulcus Chambers of the heart Right atrium 右心房 (RA) Three inlets ? Orifice of superior vena cava 上腔靜脈口－ returns blood to the heart from the upper half of the body ? Orifice of inferior vena cava 下腔靜脈口 － returns blood to the heart from the lower half of the body ? Orifice of coronar sinus 冠狀竇口 － returns blood to the heart from the cardiac muscle One outle － right atrioventricular orifice 右房室口 ? Crista terminalis界嵴 － vertical ridge thatjfrom superior vena cave to inferior vena cave ? Sulcus terminalis 界溝 － groove on exterior of heart that corresponds to crista terminalis Two parts－ separated externally by sulcus terminalis and internally by the crista terminalis ? Atrium proper 固有心房 ? In front of the ridge ? Pectinate muscles in wall ? Right auricle 右心耳 － a small conical muscular pouch, projects to the left from the root of superior vena cava, pectinate muscles in wall ? Sinus venarum cavarum 腔靜脈竇 ? Lies posterior to the ridge ? Smooth walls ? Fossa ovalis 卵圓窩 － an oval depression, a remnant of the fetal foramen ovale, on the lower part of interatrial septum, the most mon location of atrial septal defects (ASD) ? Limbus fossae ovalis 卵圓窩緣 – prominent margin of fossa ovalis ? Torus aortious 主動(dòng)脈隆凸 Right ventricle (RV) 右心室 Receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium through right atrioventricular orifice ? One
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