【正文】 or Model of Personality: Research ? Each of the “Big Five” dimensions is related to job performance. ? Best predictors of job performance depends on the occupation. ? Conscientiousness is the strongest predictor of overall job performance across all occupations. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 21 The FiveFactor Model of Personality: Research ? The “Big Five” are related to work motivation, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction. ? The “Big Five” predict job search outes and career success. ? The effects of personality on career success are relatively enduring. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 22 Locus of Control ? A set of beliefs about whether one’s behaviour is controlled mainly by internal or external factors. ? Internals believe that the opportunity to control their own behaviour resides within themselves. ? Externals believe that external forces determine their behaviour. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 23 The Internal/External Locus of Control Continuum Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 24 Locus of Control: Research ? Internals are more satisfied with their jobs, earn more money, and achieve higher anizational positions. ? Internals perceive less stress, cope with stress better, and engage in more careful career planning. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 25 SelfMonitoring ? The extent to which people observe and regulate how they appear and behave in social settings and relationships. ? High selfmonitors take great care to observe and control the images that they project. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 26 SelfMonitoring (continued) ? High selfmonitors show concern for socially appropriate behaviour and social cues, and they regulate their behaviour and selfpresentation according to these cues. ? High selfmonitors gravitate to jobs that require roleplaying and the use of their selfpresentation skills. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 27 SelfMonitoring: Research ? High selfmonitors are more involved in their jobs, perform better, and are more likely to emerge as leaders. ? High selfmonitors are likely to experience more role stress and show less mitment to their anization. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 28 SelfMonitoring: Research ? High selfmonitors are more likely to change employers and locations and to receive more promotions. ? They do not feel fortable in ambiguous social settings in which it is hard to determine what behaviours are socially appropriate. ? Dealing with unfamiliar cultures might provoke stress. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 29 SelfEsteem ? The degree to which a person has a positive selfevaluation. ? People with high selfesteem have favourable selfimages. ? People with low selfesteem have unfavourable selfimages. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 30 SelfEsteem and Behavioural Plasticity Theory ? People with low selfesteem tend to be more susceptible to external and social influences than those who have high selfesteem. ? Events and people in anizations have more impact on the beliefs and actions of employees with low selfesteem. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 31 SelfEsteem: Research ? Employees with low selfesteem react badly to negative feedback – it lowers subsequent performance. ? People with high selfesteem make more fulfilling career decisions and have higher job satisfaction and job performance. ? People with high selfesteem are more resilient to the strains of everyday worklife. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 32 Recent Developments in Personality and Organizational Behaviour ? Positive affectivity ? Negative affectivity ? Proactive personality ? General selfefficacy ? Core selfevaluations Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 33 Positive and Negative Affectivity ? People who are high on positive affectivity (PA) experience positive emotions and moods and view the world in a positive light. ? People who are high on negative affectivity (NA) experience negative emotions and moods and view the world in a negative light. ? PA and NA are emotional dispositions that predict people’s general emotional tendencies. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 34 Positive and Negative Affectivity: Research ? People with higher PA report higher job satisfaction。 they have higher job performance and are more creative at work. ? People with higher NA report lower job satisfaction。 they have lower job performance. ? People with higher NA experience more stressful conditions at work and report higher levels of workplace stress and strain. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 35 Positive and Negative Affectivity: Research ? NA has also been found to be related to more counterproductive work behaviours, withdrawal behaviours, and occupational injury. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 36 Proactive Personality ? A relatively stable personal disposition that reflects a tendency to behave proactively. ? Proactive behaviour involves taking initiative across a range of situations to effect positive change in one’s environment. ? Proactive individuals search for and identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until they bring about meaningful change. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 37 Proactive Personality: Research ? Proactive personality is related to: – Job performance – Tolerance for stress – Leadership effect