【正文】 描述模式上達成了比較一致的共識，提出了人格五因素模式，被稱為“大五人格”。這五種人格特質(zhì)是： 　　情緒穩(wěn)定性：焦慮、敵對、壓抑、自我意識、沖動、脆弱 　　外向性：熱情、社交、果斷、活躍、冒險、樂觀 　　開放性：想象、審美、情感豐富、求異、智能 　　隨和性：信任、直率、利他、依從、謙虛、移情 　　謹慎性：勝任、條理、盡職、成就、自律、謹慎 附錄3：外文文獻原文資料來源：《Personality Theories》 作者：Jess Feist。Gregory Personality trait theory (theory of personality trait) originated in the United States in 1940. The main representative of psychologists in the United States are Galton ? Willard ? Allport and Raymond (Raymond Bernard Cattell). Trait theory suggests that the trait (trait) determine the fundamental characteristics of individual behavior, which is the effective elements of personality and is the basic unit of personality assessment.In modern personality psychology, the personality traits characteristic of the theory will be defined as the individual has a neurological features, with disposable personal behavior, the result of individuals in a changing environment to give the same response. However, it stems from the characteristics of the earliest theoretical studies of individual differences in personality type theory. Type of theory is often based on a person of a particular characteristic or characteristics to describe personality. For example, if a person obsessed with power, it said that he was a powertype people, if someone can always look good while taking into account that he was a positive person. Ancient Rome Doctor Galen (Galen) proposed four temperament types belong to the earliest on the type of theory. He accorded to the Greek doctor Hippocrates (Hippocrates) the humeral say put forward a four temperament types, that is, sanguine temperament (with too much blood, full of vitality and power), bile qualitative (with too much yellow bile, easy to anger), depression quality (with too much black bile, melancholy and sadness usually pass), mucus quality (with excessive mucus, is slow or lazy). It said that the type size is also a theory. Said more influential body of opinion is Kretschmer (E. Kretschmer) of tracheotomy, he divided into obese people type with long and thin and strong, and attempted to separate ownership of several typical character with a Human body types (such as obesity is linked with emotional instability, etc.). Another body, said a representative Shelton (WH Sheldon) divided into endodermic body type, mesoderm and ectodermic type, and separately in different character for attribution (such as happiness, social preferences belong to the endodermic type。 better move, violations belong to mesoderm type。 thinking back Ectomesenchymal belong to type, etc.). Size and temperament may exist between some relevant, but people39。s temperament being attributed to size, is unscientific. With body fluids and type size be setting up at different qualities on the basis of psychological theory, called the psychological type of theory, it is first by the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung (CG Jung). He divided it into two major categories of and outwardlooking. Inwardlooking people at the former character on quiet and to be easyshy。 the outwardlooking are good activity and social. This theory was once aroused widespread interest in the cause of numerous psychological to research. But this dichotomy is not sufficient description of the personality of the general problem. The most people in between two poles. It should not be taken a small number of traits to explain behavior of all people. Some psychologists pointed out further that the type of theory is because it points people in various categories, then they used a symbol to mark them. This tag is not only Excessive for the internal causes of behavior, but also they tend to be a possible cause they are the kind of person marking. The person been called within may be coldshouldered by his friends, so that he bees more isolated。 similarly, an outward may also enjoy more social, because other people think him should be. So there is theoretically flawed in psychological type theory.The first author of the theory is American psychologist Galton ? Willard Allport (GW Allport). He and colleagues have been studied in describing the personality characteristics of 17953 adjectives, and gradually reduced to a smaller number of names .They defined Personality Traits as: with so much stimulation in the functional equivalent, and to launch the equivalent forms of (meaning constant) adaptation and neuropsychological performance of the structure of behavior. Thus, Galton ? Willard? Allport said that the personality traits of people are the variety of characteristics organize power .These characteristics deter mine the uniqueness of individual adaptation. Galton ? Willard ? Allport also divided the characteristics of personality structure into personal qualities and mon characteristics, personal qualities can be further divided into the hub character of the core qualities and secondary qualities. Psychologist of Raymond ? cartel (RB Cattell) accepted the concept of personality traits by Galton ? Willard ? Allport, and made further development on this basis. He put personality into the root causes of the surface characteristics and qualities by the method of factor analysis. Surface characteristics are interconnected by a number of characteristics of the formation。 the root causes of the characteristics are relatively stable and enduring characteristics. It can be found that root causes of the characteristics of a single factor by factor analysis. They are the basic ponents of personality. Cartel, after twenty years of hard work, proposed the personality characteristics of 16 kinds of root causes. According to these characteristics of 16 kinds of root causes, he has produced 16 kinds of Tests Personality Factor (16PF). Apart from Cartels, the psy