【正文】 成傳力桿滑動端與混凝土粘連。 ④脹縫 被砂漿或其它物 體堵塞，造成脹縫脹裂，傳力桿失效。 ② 傳力桿部位瀝青涂刷必須滿足設(shè)計長度、厚度，并且均勻，再設(shè)置過程中應(yīng)輕拿輕放避免將瀝青脫落。 （二十一） 錯 臺 現(xiàn) 象 原因分析 預(yù)防措施 接縫或裂縫處相鄰面板的垂直高差。 ② 基礎(chǔ)不均勻沉降，使相鄰板塊產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)沉降，導(dǎo)致形成臺階。 ①灌 縫施工時應(yīng)嚴(yán)格要求材料質(zhì)量和施工質(zhì)量。 ③ 易產(chǎn)生不均勻沉降地段，以加設(shè)鋼筋補強或加強基層。應(yīng)從錯臺最高點開始向四周擴展，邊磨邊用三米直尺找平，直至相鄰兩塊板平齊為止。 （二十二） 接縫類危害 現(xiàn) 象 原因分析 預(yù)防措施 混凝土道面在接縫處拱起，嚴(yán)重時混凝土發(fā)生斷裂。 ② 脹縫傳力桿垂直、水平設(shè)置不當(dāng)使混凝土伸脹受阻。 ④ 在嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)，土基、基層含水量過高，冬季土基、基層水分結(jié)冰造成基層膨脹，使混凝土板拱起。 ② 傳力桿設(shè)置應(yīng)位置準(zhǔn)確，嚴(yán)格控 制水平、垂直偏差，滑動部分嚴(yán)格按照要求加工。 ④ 土基、基層施工過程中，嚴(yán)格控制其含水量，盡量在其含水量較小時進行澆筑混凝土，同時在基層或基層邊緣出現(xiàn)積水時要及時排除，避免積水水入基層，冬季造成凍脹。 混凝土中 的堿與混凝土集料（砂石材料）中的堿活性礦物成分在混凝土硬化后緩慢發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生膠凝物質(zhì)，因吸收水分后發(fā)生膨脹產(chǎn)生膨脹應(yīng)力，當(dāng)應(yīng)力大于混凝土的抗拉強度時，最終將導(dǎo)致混凝土從內(nèi)向外延伸開裂和損毀。 三者缺一不可。 ② 選用非活性集料 . ③ 摻入粉煤灰 等火山灰類活性材料 . ④ 摻入適量復(fù)合引氣劑，利用產(chǎn)生的眾多微小密閉氣泡，隔斷阻塞外界水分滲入通道（毛細孔隙） . ⑤ 施工中加強振實作業(yè)，提高混凝土內(nèi)部密實性；提高道面板平整度水平，減少道面積水；加強養(yǎng)生工作，防止早期收縮裂縫的出現(xiàn) . ⑥ 采用粘結(jié)力強、伸縮性和密封性好的灌縫材料（如硅硐膠等），防止水分從道面接縫中滲入。 三、 混凝土道面破損處處理： ⑴對于寬度小于 3mm 的輕微裂縫，可采取擴縫灌漿。 ②清除破損混凝土碎屑，吹凈后填入灌縫材料。 ⑵對貫穿全厚的大于 3mm 小于 15mm 的中等裂縫，可采取條帶罩面進行補縫。 [圖 1] ②鑿除兩橫縫內(nèi)混凝土的深度以 7cm 為宜。并在二鈀釘孔之間打一對與鈀釘孔直徑相一致的鈀釘槽。鈀釘長度不小于 20cm，彎釣長度為 7cm。 ⑥切割的縫內(nèi)壁應(yīng)鑿毛，并清除松動的混凝土碎塊及表面塵土、裸石。 ⑧修補塊兩板兩側(cè)，應(yīng)加深縮縫，并灌注填縫料。全深度補塊分集料嵌鎖法、刨挖法、設(shè)置傳力桿法。在保留板塊邊部，沿內(nèi)側(cè) 4cm 位置，切 5cm 深的縫。若破除的混凝土面面積當(dāng)天完不成混凝土澆筑時，應(yīng)采取遮擋保護。 d 處理基層時，基層強度符合規(guī)范要求，應(yīng)整平基層；基層強度低于規(guī)范要求，應(yīng)予以補強，并嚴(yán)格整平；若基層全部損壞或松軟，應(yīng)按原設(shè)計基層材料重新作基層（小面積直 接澆筑混凝土），可加設(shè)鋼筋網(wǎng)片補強。澆筑的混凝土面層應(yīng)與相鄰面的橫斷面吻合，作面按原混凝土施工進行。 Then how can we translate poems? According to Wang?s understanding, the translation of poems is related to three aspects: A poem?s meaning, poetic art and language. （ 1） A poem?s meaning “Sociocultural differences are formidable enough, but the matter is made much more plex when one realizes that meaning does not consist in the meaning of words only, but also in syntactical structures, speech rhythms, levels of style.” (Wang, 1991:93). （ 2） Poetic art According to Wang, “Bly?s point about the ?marvelous translation? being made possible in the United States only after Whitman, Pound and Williams Carlos Williams posed poetry in speech rhythms shows what may be gained when there is a genuine revolution in poetic art.” (Wang, 1991:93). （ 3） Language “Sometimes language stays static and sometimes language stays active. When language is active, it is beneficial to translation” “This would require this kind of intimate understanding, on the part of the translator, of its genius, its idiosyncrasies, its past and present, what it can do and what it choose not to do.” (Wang, 1991:94). Wang expresses the difficulties of verse translation. Frost?s ment is sufficient to prove the difficulty a translator has to grapple with. Maybe among literary translations, the translation of poems is the most difficult thing. Poems are the crystallization of wisdom. The difficulties of poetic prehension lie not only in lines, but also in structure, such as cadence, rhyme, metre, rhythm, all these conveying information. One point merits our attention. Wang not only talks about the times? poetic art, but also the impact language?s activity has produced on translation. In times when the language is active, translation is prospering. The reform of poetic art has improved the translation quality of poems. For example, around May Fourth Movement, Baihua replaced classical style of writing, so the translation achieved earthshaking success. The relation between the state of language and translation is so