【正文】 。使較長遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)與短近 的目標(biāo)相結(jié)合，使具有挑戰(zhàn)性的目標(biāo)與現(xiàn)實(shí)性的目標(biāo)相結(jié)合。 P329 六、論述： 試評(píng)述羅杰斯的人本主義學(xué)習(xí)觀 羅杰斯是著名的人本主義心理學(xué)家。 (1)意義學(xué)習(xí)：學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該與個(gè)人生活、實(shí)踐息息相關(guān)。 (2)自由地學(xué)習(xí)：每個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)者是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的個(gè)體，有他自己的感情和完善自己的傾向 ，這種傾向只有在能體驗(yàn)到無條件的積極關(guān)注和自由時(shí)才能得到最好的發(fā)揮。教學(xué)應(yīng)以學(xué)生為中心，學(xué)校和教師應(yīng)尊重學(xué)生，真正把學(xué)生視為學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的主體。意義學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生于人類基本的自我實(shí)現(xiàn)傾向。 (5)學(xué)習(xí)的促進(jìn)：教師是學(xué)習(xí)的促進(jìn)者。羅杰斯認(rèn)為促進(jìn)意義學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵是存在于促進(jìn) 者和學(xué)習(xí)者之間個(gè)人關(guān)系中的某些態(tài)度品質(zhì)。強(qiáng)調(diào)意義學(xué)習(xí)、重視對(duì)學(xué)生的人格完善。 但是，人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論也有它的局限性，人本主義過分強(qiáng)調(diào)先天潛能在學(xué)習(xí)中的作用， 片面強(qiáng)調(diào)自由選擇和自我設(shè)計(jì)，忽視了人的心理和行為的社會(huì)制約性。 p7880 聯(lián)系實(shí)際，分析小學(xué)教師存在的心理健康問題。滿分 100分 ，談?wù)勀銓?duì)建構(gòu)主義學(xué)習(xí)理論的理解。當(dāng)今的建構(gòu)主義者雖然認(rèn)為世界是客觀存在的，但是 ，認(rèn)為對(duì)于世界的理解和賦予意義是每個(gè)人自己決定的。 他們把學(xué)習(xí)看成是學(xué)習(xí)者通過新舊經(jīng)驗(yàn)間雙向的相互作用建構(gòu)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)體系的過程。 建構(gòu)主義從上述學(xué)習(xí)觀出發(fā)，提出了一些教學(xué)方法。 注意 :聯(lián)系實(shí)際，談?wù)勀愕睦斫獠⑶‘?dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行闡述。（第五次作業(yè)） 解答要點(diǎn) (1)說服； (2)角色扮演； (3)榜樣學(xué)習(xí)； (4)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、懲罰； (5)小組道德討論。 。 P226 、同伴交往與學(xué)生問題行為關(guān)系的研究。P125127 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?！ 2021 年中央電大期 末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄 Shanghai’ s Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the city’ s history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghai’ s other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a mercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the city’ s history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in people’ s living conditions. Where the Bund began Inbetween the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and crisscross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “ No 1 Waitanyuan” , which translates to “ the Bund Origin” , to honor its beginnings. The entire plex of this historical site prises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a twostorey masonry building on an Hshaped plan in typical English renaissance style. The building is designed with a fivearch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf