【正文】 n 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the city’ s history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in people’ s living conditions. Where the Bund began Inbetween the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and crisscross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “ No 1 Waitanyuan” , which translates to “ the Bund Origin” , to honor its beginnings. The entire plex of this historical site prises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a twostorey masonry building on an Hshaped plan in typical English renaissance style. The building is designed with a fivearch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf233。滿分 100分 ，談?wù)勀銓?duì)建構(gòu)主義學(xué)習(xí)理論的理解。 (2)自由地學(xué)習(xí)：每個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)者是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的個(gè)體，有他自己的感情和完善自己的傾向 ，這種傾向只有在能體驗(yàn)到無(wú)條件的積極關(guān)注和自由時(shí)才能得到最好的發(fā)揮。這是實(shí)現(xiàn)或完成生涯發(fā)展目標(biāo)最后的階段。 (4)自動(dòng)化階段。自律往往和你不愿做或懶于去做，但卻不得不做的事情相聯(lián)系 合作學(xué)習(xí) 是以現(xiàn)代社會(huì)心理 學(xué)、教學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)、認(rèn)知心理學(xué)、現(xiàn)代教育教學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)等為理論基礎(chǔ)，以開發(fā)和利用課堂中的認(rèn)的關(guān)系為基點(diǎn)，以目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)為先導(dǎo)，以全員互動(dòng)合作為基本動(dòng)力，以班級(jí)授課為前導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)，以小組活動(dòng)為基本教學(xué)形勢(shì)，以團(tuán)體成績(jī)?yōu)樵u(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一種學(xué)習(xí)方式。阿特金森是成就動(dòng)機(jī)理論的主要代表人物。熟練操作可以借助專門儀器和設(shè)備，通過(guò)人們完成工作的速度、準(zhǔn)確性、協(xié)調(diào)性、反映時(shí)間、應(yīng)變性等指標(biāo)來(lái)測(cè)量，也可通過(guò)熟練化操作所反應(yīng)的特征來(lái)衡量。當(dāng)人們反復(fù)探索問(wèn)題而仍沒有結(jié)果時(shí)，暫時(shí)將問(wèn)題放一放，轉(zhuǎn)而從事其他的工作，這樣做有時(shí)不僅不妨礙問(wèn)題的解決，還可能在放松之余，出現(xiàn)“恍然大悟”、“豁然開朗”的情況，使問(wèn)題較快地得到解決。 ： 是指在總的進(jìn)步過(guò)程中，會(huì)出現(xiàn)練習(xí)時(shí)而進(jìn)步、時(shí)而退步的波動(dòng)起伏現(xiàn)象，有時(shí)甚至出現(xiàn)進(jìn)步一時(shí)性停頓的現(xiàn)象。在學(xué)校教育中，教師應(yīng)當(dāng)以科學(xué)的、清醒的、審慎的態(tài)度對(duì)待學(xué)生的性別差異，對(duì)確實(shí)存在差異的學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域，教師要精心研究幫助男女學(xué)生共同提高的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)；對(duì)于社會(huì)偏見，可通過(guò)教學(xué)與學(xué)習(xí)的事實(shí)，打消社會(huì)偏見帶來(lái)的消極影響，鼓勵(lì) 學(xué)生努力進(jìn)取。 C．認(rèn)知風(fēng)格差異。 知識(shí)應(yīng)用是依據(jù)已有的知識(shí)解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程，它與知識(shí)理解、知識(shí)鞏固共同構(gòu)成掌握知識(shí)的全過(guò)程，是知識(shí)掌握、原理學(xué)習(xí)中必不可少的階段，是檢驗(yàn)知識(shí)理解和鞏固情況的重要途徑，也是加深理解和鞏固，使知識(shí)系統(tǒng)化的重要方法。（ 3）高級(jí)情感進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。 陳述性知識(shí)：主要是指作為言語(yǔ)信息的知識(shí)，用于回答“是什 么”的問(wèn)題 原理學(xué)習(xí)：學(xué)生能夠用言語(yǔ)清楚地說(shuō)明概念之間的關(guān)系或能夠舉出反映原理的例子，并不能說(shuō)明學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了所學(xué)的原理。原理學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)質(zhì)是學(xué)生能夠在體現(xiàn)原理的不同情鏡中適當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)用原理。隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)生活的拓展，小學(xué)生的社會(huì)性需要越來(lái)越豐富，這促進(jìn)了高級(jí)情感的發(fā)展。 （ 2）聯(lián)系：存在密切聯(lián)系。具有不同認(rèn)知風(fēng)格的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)上表現(xiàn)出不同的特點(diǎn)，不同的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)和不同的學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)要求不同的教學(xué)方式與 之相適應(yīng)。 試述小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)？ P62 學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)： 1）學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)主要掌握間接經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 ： 指從事物的相似或類比中看到或發(fā)現(xiàn)解決問(wèn)題的途徑。 簡(jiǎn)述動(dòng)作技能和智力技能的關(guān)系。 道德行為的訓(xùn)練包括哪些方面？ P174 答：道德行為的訓(xùn)練，主要包括道德行為的掌握、道德行 為習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成和道德意志的培養(yǎng)等三個(gè)方面。 表現(xiàn)性目標(biāo)： P251 個(gè)別化教學(xué)： P259 課堂評(píng)價(jià)： P263 課堂氣氛： P281 移情：情又叫感情移入，是指在人際關(guān)往中，當(dāng)一個(gè)人感知對(duì)方的某種情緒時(shí)，他自己也能體驗(yàn)相應(yīng)的情緒。 P260 成長(zhǎng)記錄袋 是指以文字形式詳細(xì)記錄學(xué)生成長(zhǎng)情況的檔案袋。這是動(dòng)作技能的熟練期階段。 (3)肯定自己擁有的能力與技巧 教師職業(yè)有基本心理要求 (基本能力 )和特殊心理要求 (特殊能力 )。 (3)學(xué)習(xí)者中心：學(xué)習(xí)者是有目的、能選擇和塑造自己行為并從中得到滿足的人。（第五次作業(yè)） 建構(gòu)主義學(xué)習(xí)理論的主要內(nèi)容： 對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)，建構(gòu)主義在認(rèn)知理論的叢礎(chǔ)上對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)理論作了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。 where dinner and afternoon tea are avail