【正文】 ，并舉例。 舉例 (略 ) 。 10. 柯達(dá)伊教學(xué)法中，歌唱教學(xué)的主要方法有哪些？幼兒歌唱教學(xué)的要點有哪些？ 答： 歌唱教學(xué)的主要方法有 （ 1）字母譜與節(jié)奏譜；（ 2）手勢；（ 3）指揮。 （ 1）按照準(zhǔn)確音調(diào)歌唱； （ 2）克服幼兒的不良音調(diào)； （ 3）歌唱能力的發(fā)展步驟。 答： 教育性原理的考察旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)音樂教育本身不能獨(dú)立存在，它不過是實現(xiàn)幼兒個性全面發(fā)展的教育目標(biāo)的一個手段而已，但是，手段的僵化與不豐滿必然導(dǎo)致最終目標(biāo)的喪失，手段與 目的之間具有共存亡的張力關(guān)系。小學(xué)生的聲帶處于脆弱與柔嫩的發(fā)育狀態(tài)，因此發(fā)音時不要音量過大、時間過長，否則會使聲帶疲勞。還要注意學(xué)生的唱歌音域，要允分利用學(xué)生的自然聲區(qū)，逐步地向高、低兩端擴(kuò)展音域 (要根據(jù)不同年齡階段調(diào)整音域 )，同時注意聲音的和諧、均衡與統(tǒng)一。在歌唱時，教師應(yīng)要求學(xué)生做到 (①精神飽滿、集中。 ③眼平視，面部與頸部肌肉放松，表情自然、大方。音樂是聲音的藝術(shù)，鑒賞音樂，表現(xiàn)音樂都需要靈敏的聽覺，因此在教學(xué)中要經(jīng)常訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的聽覺能力，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的聽覺習(xí)慣。錄音機(jī)的音量要適當(dāng)，使坐在每個位置的學(xué)生都能聽到較好的音響效果，要將均衡度調(diào)好，使學(xué)生聽到最佳的音樂效果。 ③教師的語調(diào)要有激情。 在課堂中，要重視對學(xué)生視力的 保護(hù)。②帶有色彩的字、圖要用得恰到好處，主題突出。教師的服飾色澤不要過于刺激。一節(jié)課要根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容合理地安排時間，要將學(xué)生的勞逸度考慮進(jìn)去。同時注意音樂作品要適合學(xué)生的年齡特點 (即心理、生理的認(rèn)知規(guī)律 )，以學(xué)生的接受能力為依據(jù)，合理安排教學(xué) 內(nèi)容。 五、音樂材料分析題 1． 寫出單圈舞“彩帶”的動作說明。 A 段 : 第 14 小節(jié)、第 912 小節(jié)，第 1720 小節(jié)，右腳起步逆時針方向走四步，特別關(guān)照第四步身體轉(zhuǎn)向圈心，腳步調(diào)節(jié)，準(zhǔn)備左腳的起步 ； 第 5 8 小節(jié)、第 1316 小節(jié)，第 2124 小節(jié)，左腳起步順時針方向走四步，特別關(guān)照第四步身體轉(zhuǎn)向圈心，腳步調(diào)節(jié)，準(zhǔn)備右腳的起步。 分析 水族 館 的曲式 結(jié) 構(gòu)與音 樂 內(nèi)容主 題 。再看 見 水草由高到低地 飄 浮 。然后看 見 水中的大泡泡與小泡泡 。 2． 分析“未出殼雛雞的舞蹈”的曲式結(jié)構(gòu)與再現(xiàn)主題內(nèi)容。 3．分析“喜洋洋”的曲式結(jié)構(gòu)與再現(xiàn)主題內(nèi)容 。有幾個男青年敲起了鼓（第一段 ab兩句），有幾個男青年敲起了鈸（第一段 c 句），有幾個男青年敲起了吊釵（第一段 d 句）；然后所有的女青年拿著綢帶跳起了綢帶舞，先是把綢帶往頭頂甩（第二段 ab 句），然后把綢帶往身旁甩（第二段 cd 句）；最后男青年又出來了（第三段重復(fù)第一段）。 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been w idely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters w ill travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They w ill show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, w hich will strengthen China39。an. Lou held a joint interview w ith 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interview s w ill be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as w ell as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in X