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外文翻譯--建筑項目招投標-建筑結構-閱讀頁

2025-06-06 06:57本頁面
  

【正文】 rison of engineering and engineering security risk management, insurance, similarities and differences between the two projects and benefits。s risk appetite and behavioral characteristics with changes in the external environment change, when the default punishment is light, the bidder preference appetite for risk and default penalties, with the increase exceeds a certain value, the risk of bidders to show preference for behavior change to avoid the risk of penalties, the greater the bidder biased in favor of a more riskaverse behavior, the results of the control and prevention of risk behavior of bidders has an important and practical significance Construction Cost Management from the quantityone price plan model to price of separation volume model of the market, and gradually establish a market pricebased price formation mechanism, the price of the decision in the hands of the parties involved in the market, and ultimately the allocation of resources through the market in order to realize through the market mechanism to decide on project cost. This will standardize the construction marketpetitive behavior and the promotion of project bidding mechanisms play an important role in innovation. It can be said that the implementation of the project bill of quantities is a project cost management system in our country a big step forward, but also in China39。s accession to the WTO, the global construction industry a powerful tool for peer petition. A healthy bidding system should be in accordance with the open, fair and justice and the principle of good faith, and establish a unified, open, petitive and orderly construction market. In view of the current problems existing in the bidding process, adopt regulations, and formulate and perfect the institution, strengthening process supervision measures, they can better regulate construction market order, prevent corruption from its source, purify construction market, promote the construction market order progressively toward standardization, institutionalized, and constantly improve the quality and level of the bidding work. References [1] . Casey, . Ferguson, Intelligent forms processing, IBMSystem Journal 29 (3) (1990) 435– 450. [2] T. Watanabe, Q. Luo, N. Sugie, Layout recognition of multikindsof tableform documents, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 17 (4) (1995) 422–445. [3] . Chen, . Lee, An efficient algorithm for form structureExtr ction using strip projection, Pattern Recognition 31 (9)Fig. 9. Table with no obvious separating symbol between records. (1998) 1353– . Cao et al. / Automation in Construction 11 (2020) 573–584 583 [4] . Tseng, . Chen, Recognition and data extraction of form documents based on three types of line segments, Pattern Recognition 31 (10) (1998) 1525– 1540. [5] . Fan, . Lu, . Chen, A feature point clustering approach to the recognition of form documents, Pattern Recognition 31 (9) (1998) 1205–1220. [6] S. Chandran, R. Kasturi, Structure recognition of tabulated data,Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Tsukuba Science City, Jap20– 22, 1993, pp. 516– 519. [7] K. Itonori, Table structure recognition based on textblock arrangement and ruled line position, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, Oct. 20– 22, 1993, pp. 765– 768. [8] . Shamilian, . Baird, . Wood, A retargetable table reader, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Ulm, Germany, Aug. 18– 20,1997, pp. 158–163. [9] . Chiang, . Tue, . Leu, A new algorithm for line image vectorization, Pattern Recognition 31 (10) (1998) 1541–1549.
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