【正文】 心理學(xué)內(nèi)容） 概念 知識、能力、技能的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系 第十四章 個性（重點） 一節(jié) 概念 特征 二節(jié) 需要概念 作用 分類 馬斯洛等 6 個 三節(jié) 動機概念 作用 分類 基本概念 動機理論 5 個方面 四節(jié) 興趣概念 分類 品質(zhì) 五節(jié) 理想概念 第十五章 一節(jié) 概念 氣質(zhì)對應(yīng)高級神經(jīng)活動 四節(jié) 氣質(zhì)在實踐活動中的意義 第十六章 性格 一節(jié) 概念 與氣 質(zhì)關(guān)系 二節(jié) 結(jié)構(gòu) 特征（小點要看） 三節(jié) 類型理論 四節(jié) 特質(zhì)論 五節(jié) 形成發(fā)展 家庭 學(xué)校 社會實踐 主觀因素 第十七章 能力 一節(jié) 概念 P588能力知識的關(guān)系 種類 二節(jié) 智力與智力結(jié)構(gòu)（ P592 P596）外國 三節(jié) 能力發(fā)展 （ P616）因素 四節(jié) 能力的差異（大體了解） 注： 知行意重點 可參考華師梁寧建 一本全 實驗心理學(xué) 第一章 緒論 一節(jié) 一 實驗心理學(xué)的定義 實驗設(shè)計 實驗方法 經(jīng)典研究 感覺 視覺聽覺 知覺 記憶 情緒 儀器 二 實驗心理學(xué)中的幾個變量 常量 定義（自變量、因 變量、控制變量）舉例 記憶 三 實驗中主試者與被試者的關(guān)系 兩種： 1 按實驗程序進行主被試相互作用 通過指導(dǎo)語作用 指示語作用 說明實驗 指導(dǎo)課題 指示語說明（見書） 2 干擾實驗程序的作用 主試者效應(yīng) 被試者效應(yīng)（霍桑效應(yīng)） 四 額外變量的控制 常規(guī)性方法（ 6 中）排除法（巴莆洛夫） 恒定法 匹配法 隨機法 抵消平衡法 統(tǒng)計控制法 二節(jié) 心理實驗的程序（略看） 三節(jié) 實驗心理學(xué)簡史 兩個階段（略看） 第二章 實驗設(shè)計 一節(jié) 實驗設(shè)計的基本類型 實驗設(shè)計定義 實驗前想到的具體計劃：在實驗前選擇被試 被試內(nèi)設(shè)計 被試間設(shè)計 混合設(shè)計 二節(jié) 多變量實驗技術(shù) 多自變量實驗定義（兩個、三個。s confusion has lasted a very long time. Therefore the Sage is honest, but not judgmental Strong, but not injurious to others Straightforward, but not reckless Bright, but not blinding. 59 In leading people and serving Heaven There is nothing better than moderation. In moderation, one is already following the Tao. When one follows the Tao, great goodness is abundant. When great goodness is in abundance, There is nothing that cannot be overe. When there is nothing that cannot be overe Then there are no limits. Having no limits, one can certainly govern a country. If you know the country39。 A foca point for the Earth, the feminine Spirit of the World. The female always overes the male by stillness. Stillness is the lowest position. Therefore a big country, By placing itself below a smaller country Wil win the smaller country. And a smal country, By placing itself below a larger country Wil gain the large country. Therefore, by being humble, one gains And the other, being humble already, also gains. A great country needs to embrace the lowly. The smal country needs to serve others. Thus, both needs are satisfied And each gets what it wants. Remember, the great country should always humble itself. 62 The Tao is the bosom of the Universe It is the good person39。s refuge. Flattery may buy one39。s heart is not pure That is All the more reason to cling to the Tao! Therefore when a king is coronated, Crowned in ceremony, Presented with gifts of rare value, And escorted in luxury, All these things pale when pared to the humble gift of the Tao, offered in silence. Why did the Sages of old value the Tao so much? Because, when you seek, you find And when you sin, you are fiven. That is why the Tao is the greatest treasure of the Universe. 63 Do without doing. Work without forcing. Taste without seasonings. Recognize the Great in the small, And the many in the few. Repay hatred with kindness. Dea with the difficult while it is stil easy. Begin great works while they are small. Certainly the Earth does difficult work with ease, And acplishes great affairs from smal beginnings. So, the Sage, by not striving for greatness, Achieves greatness. A person who makes promises lightly Is not regarded as trustworthy. lIf you think everything is easy, You will find only difficulty. That is why the Sage considers All things difficult And finds nothing too difficult in the end. 64 What is at rest is easy to maintain. What has not yet happened is easy to plan. That which is fragile is easily shattered That which is tiny is easily scattered. Correct problems before they occur. Intervene before chaos erupts. A tree too big around to hug is produced from a tiny sprout. A ninestory tower begins with a mound of dirt. A thousandmile journey begins with your own two feet. Whoever tries will fail. Whoever clutches, loses. Therefore the Sage, not trying, cannot fail Not clutching, she cannot lose. When people try, They usually fail just on the brink of success. If one is as cautious at the outset as at the end, One cannot fail. Therefore the Sage desires nothing so much as to be desireless. She does not value rare and expensive goods. She unlearns what she was once taught And helps the people regain what they have lost。t bother with passion But just try to be brave. They scoff at moderation And find they have little enough for themselves. They step on people in their rush to be first This is death! One who is passionate in warfare is victorious And in defense he holds fast. When Heaven moves to save someone It protects him through passion. 68 The best soldier is not violent. The best fighter is not driven by anger. The true conqueror wins without confrontation. The best employer is humble before his employees. I say there is much good in not peting. I call it using the power of the people. This is known as being in tune with Heaven, Like the Sages of old. 69 The military has a saying: I would rather be passive, like a guest than aggressive, like a host. I would rather retreat a foot than advance an inch. This is called going forward without instigating, Engaging without force Defense without hatred Victory without weapons. There is no greater calamity than underestimating the enemy. If I take my enemy too lightly, I am in danger of losing my passion, moderation and nonpetitive spirit. So, when two armies confront each other Victory will go to them that grieve. 70 My words are very easy to understand And very easy to practice. Yet the World is not able to understand Nor able to put