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較,表5.2 對(duì)抗性談判與合作性談判中的談判者比較,★,背景 談判的具體內(nèi)容 對(duì)方的需要 談判地點(diǎn) 目標(biāo) 所期望最佳結(jié)果 我們的優(yōu)勢(shì)——技術(shù)、價(jià)格、經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)間等 我們對(duì)對(duì)方的優(yōu)勢(shì)、劣勢(shì)分析 “知己知彼”,談判的準(zhǔn)備工作,第二節(jié) 談判策略,一、互利型談判策略 ◆ 精誠(chéng)所至 ◆ 充分假設(shè) ◆ 潤(rùn)滑劑策略 ◆ 游刃有余 ◆ 把握契機(jī) 二、我方有利型談判策略 ◆ 最后期限法 ◆ 聲東擊西 ◆ 疲勞策略 ◆ 得寸進(jìn)尺 ◆ 既成事實(shí),三、討價(jià)還價(jià)策略,投石問(wèn)路 常用的“石頭”有: (1)如果我們與你們簽訂為期兩年的合同,你們的價(jià)格優(yōu)惠是多少? (2)如果我們采取現(xiàn)金支付和采用分期付款的形式;你們的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格會(huì)有什么差別? (3)我們有意購(gòu)買你們其他系列的產(chǎn)品,能否在價(jià)格上再優(yōu)惠些? (4)如果我們要求你們培訓(xùn)技術(shù)人員,你們可否按現(xiàn)價(jià)出售這套設(shè)備? (5)如果我們要求對(duì)原產(chǎn)品有所變動(dòng),價(jià)格上是否有變化?,談判策略,三、討價(jià)還價(jià)策略,有取舍的讓步 (1)不作無(wú)謂的讓步; (2)讓步要讓得恰到好處; (3)有節(jié)奏的緩慢讓步; (4)如果做出的讓步欠周妥,應(yīng)及早收回; (5)即使做出的讓步使我方損失不大,也要使對(duì)方覺(jué)得讓步來(lái)之不易; (6)在準(zhǔn)備讓步時(shí),盡量讓對(duì)方先提條件,先隱蔽自己的觀點(diǎn)與想法; (7)讓步的目標(biāo),必須反復(fù)明確; (8)在接受對(duì)方讓步時(shí)應(yīng)心安理得。 (2)對(duì)對(duì)方開(kāi)場(chǎng)闡述的反應(yīng)包括: 一是認(rèn)真耐心地傾聽(tīng)對(duì)方的開(kāi)場(chǎng)闡述; 二是如果對(duì)方開(kāi)場(chǎng)闡述的內(nèi)容與我方意見(jiàn)差距較大時(shí),應(yīng)先讓對(duì)方說(shuō)完,再?gòu)膫?cè)面進(jìn)行反駁?!?引導(dǎo)式提問(wèn) “經(jīng)銷這種商品,我方利潤(rùn)很少,如果不給百分之三的折扣,我方很難以成交。對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題,我談幾點(diǎn)看法”?!?發(fā)言后:“我們的基本立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)就是這些,您對(duì)此有何看法呢?” 議程規(guī)定的辯論時(shí)間提問(wèn),談判技巧,三、提問(wèn)技巧,3.提問(wèn)的其他注意事項(xiàng) 注意提問(wèn)的速度 注意對(duì)手的心境 提問(wèn)后給對(duì)方以足夠的答復(fù)時(shí)間 提問(wèn)應(yīng)盡量保持問(wèn)題的連續(xù)性,談判技巧,四、答復(fù)技巧 1.不要徹底答復(fù)對(duì)方的提問(wèn) 2.針對(duì)提問(wèn)者的真實(shí)心理答復(fù) 3.不要確切答復(fù)對(duì)方的提問(wèn) 4.降低提問(wèn)者追問(wèn)的興致 5.讓自己獲得充分的思考時(shí)間 6.禮貌地拒絕不值得答復(fù)的問(wèn)題 7.找借口拖延答復(fù) 五、說(shuō)服技巧(環(huán)節(jié)、原則、技巧),談判技巧,CHECKLIST: key points about negotiating,Negotiating is about power and influence, and agreeing on issues which generate conflict between the parties. It does not have to be a win/lose situation. Try to work towards a win/win situation. Both parties have to live with the agreements made and with each other afterwards. Structure the negotiation to satisfy both parties. Effective negotiation needs careful preparation. You need to plan and identify best outcomes。s point of view first. Identify the objectives of the individual negotiators (what are their hidden agendas?) and try to match them with your search towards satisfactory agreements. Check that everyone knows what has been agreed, and who