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ial, or nonoperating, assets 金融性資產(chǎn),或非營(yíng)業(yè)資產(chǎn) ? Assetsinplace 在用資產(chǎn) AssetsinPlace 在用資產(chǎn) ? Assetsinplace are tangible, such as buildings, machines, inventory. 在用資產(chǎn)是指有形資產(chǎn),例如建筑物、機(jī)器設(shè)備、存貨。 ? Usually they are expected to grow. 通常,在用資產(chǎn)會(huì)逐漸增加。 ? The PV of their expected future free cash flows, discounted at the WACC, is the value of operations. 在用資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的預(yù)期自由現(xiàn)金流量,以加權(quán)平均資金成本為折現(xiàn)系數(shù)進(jìn)行折現(xiàn)后的現(xiàn)值稱為營(yíng)業(yè)價(jià)值。 Data for Valuation 評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù) ? FCF0 ( 上年自由現(xiàn)金流量) = $20 million(百萬(wàn) ) ? WACC ( 加權(quán)平均資金成本) = 10% ? g ( 年股利增長(zhǎng)率) = 5% ? Marketable securities ( 有價(jià)證券) = $100 million(百萬(wàn) ) ? Debt ( 負(fù)債) = $200 million(百萬(wàn) ) ? Preferred stock( 優(yōu)先股) = $50 million(百萬(wàn) ) ? Book value of equity ( 權(quán)益帳面價(jià)值) = $210 million(百萬(wàn) ) Value of Operations: Constant Growth 營(yíng)業(yè)資產(chǎn)價(jià)值:固定增長(zhǎng) Suppose FCF grows at constant rate g. 假定自由現(xiàn)金流量以固定的比率 g 增長(zhǎng)。當(dāng) t值無(wú)限大時(shí),該數(shù)值趨近于 0。 Horizon Value (Cont.) 水平價(jià)值(續(xù)) ? Growth is constant after the horizon (3 years), so we can modify the constant growth formula to find the value of all free cash flows beyond the horizon, discounted back to the horizon. 在預(yù)測(cè)范圍( 3年)以后,增長(zhǎng)率為固定值,所以我們可以對(duì)固定增長(zhǎng)公式進(jìn)行調(diào)整以計(jì)算預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)間段以外的所有自由現(xiàn)金流量?jī)r(jià)值,并折現(xiàn)到預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)間段以內(nèi)。 ? ?gWA CCgFCFVHV tttimeatOp t ???? )1()()(的營(yíng)業(yè)資產(chǎn)價(jià)值時(shí)點(diǎn)水平價(jià)值Vop at 3 Find the value of operations by discounting the free cash flows at the cost of capital. 以資金成本為折現(xiàn)率將自由現(xiàn)金流量折現(xiàn)來(lái)計(jì)算營(yíng)業(yè)資產(chǎn)價(jià)值 0 1 2 3 4 kc=10% = Vop g = 6% FCF= $ . . $530. 10 0 06 ? ? ? 0 Find the price per share of mon stock. 計(jì)算普通股每股價(jià)格 Value of equity ( 權(quán)益價(jià)值) =Value of operations( 營(yíng)業(yè)資產(chǎn)價(jià)值) Value of debt( 負(fù)債價(jià)值) = $ $40 = $ million(百萬(wàn) ). Price per share ( 每股價(jià)格) = $ /10 = $. ValueBased Management (VBM) 基于價(jià)值的管理( VBM) ? VBM is the systematic application of the corporate valuation model to all corporate decisions and strategic initiatives. VBM是企業(yè)價(jià)值評(píng)估模型在所有企業(yè)決策和戰(zhàn)略行動(dòng)中的系統(tǒng)性應(yīng)用 ? The objective of VBM is to increase Market Value Added (MVA) VBM的目標(biāo)是增加市場(chǎng)增加值( MVA) MVA and the Four Value Drivers MVA以及四種價(jià)值驅(qū)動(dòng)因素 ? MVA is determined by four drivers: MVA主要由四種因素決定: ? Sales growth 銷售增長(zhǎng)率 ? Operating profitability (OP=NOPAT/Sales) 營(yíng)業(yè)獲利能力( =稅后凈營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn) /銷售收入) ? Capital requirements (CR=Operating capital / Sales) 資金需要量(資金需要量 =營(yíng)業(yè)資本 /銷售收入) ? Weighted average cost of capital 加權(quán)平均資金成本 MVA for a Constant Growth Firm 固定增長(zhǎng)公司的市場(chǎng)增加值( MVA) ?????????????????????????)1()1(gCRWA CCOPgWA CCgSal esMV AttInsights from the Constant Growth Model 對(duì)固定增長(zhǎng)模型的理解 ? The first bracket is the MVA of a firm that gets to keep all of its sales revenues (., its operating profit margin is 100%) and that never has