【正文】
經(jīng)營性資產(chǎn)與非經(jīng)營性資產(chǎn) ? Financial, or nonoperating, assets 金融性資產(chǎn),或非營業(yè)資產(chǎn) ? Assetsinplace 在用資產(chǎn) 12 3 AssetsinPlace 在用資產(chǎn) ? Assetsinplace are tangible, such as buildings, machines, inventory. 在用資產(chǎn)是指有形資產(chǎn),例如建筑物、機(jī)器設(shè)備、存貨。 ? Usually they are expected to grow. 通常,在用資產(chǎn)會逐漸增加。 ? The PV of their expected future free cash flows, discounted at the WACC, is the value of operations. 在用資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的預(yù)期自由現(xiàn)金流量,以加權(quán)平均資金成本為折現(xiàn)系數(shù) 進(jìn)行折現(xiàn)后的現(xiàn)值稱為營業(yè)價值。 12 9 Data for Valuation 評估數(shù)據(jù) ? FCF0 ( 上年自由現(xiàn)金流量) = $20 million(百萬 ) ? WACC ( 加權(quán)平均資金成本) = 10% ? g ( 年股利增長率) = 5% ? Marketable securities ( 有價證券) = $100 million(百萬 ) ? Debt ( 負(fù)債) = $200 million(百萬 ) ? Preferred stock( 優(yōu)先股) = $50 million(百萬 ) ? Book value of equity ( 權(quán)益帳面價值) = $210 million(百萬 ) 12 10 Value of Operations: Constant Growth 營業(yè)資產(chǎn)價值:固定增長 Suppose FCF grows at constant rate g. 假定自由現(xiàn)金流量以固定的比率 g 增長。當(dāng) t值無限大時,該數(shù)值趨近于 0。 12 21 Horizon Value (Cont.) 水平價值(續(xù)) ? Growth is constant after the horizon (3 years), so we can modify the constant growth formula to find the value of all free cash flows beyond the horizon, discounted back to the horizon. 在預(yù)測范圍( 3年)以后,增長率為固定值,所以我們可以對固定增長公式進(jìn)行調(diào)整以計算預(yù)測時間段以外的所有自由現(xiàn)金流量價值,并折現(xiàn)到預(yù)測時間段以內(nèi)。 ? ?gW A C CgF C FVHV ttt i m eatOp t ???? )1()()(的營業(yè)資產(chǎn)價值時點水平價值12 23 Vop at 3 Find the value of operations by discounting the free cash flows at the cost of capital. 以資金成本為折現(xiàn)率將自由現(xiàn)金流量折現(xiàn)來計算營業(yè)資產(chǎn)價值 0 1 2 3 4 kc=10% = Vop g = 6% FCF= $ . . $530. 10 0 06 ? ? ? 0 12 24 Find the price per share of mon stock. 計算普通股每股價格 Value of equity ( 權(quán)益價值) =Value of operations( 營業(yè)資產(chǎn)價值) Value of debt( 負(fù)債價值) = $ $40 = $ million(百萬 ). Price per share ( 每股價格) = $ /10 = $. 12 25 ValueBased Management (VBM) 基于價值的管理( VBM) ? VBM is the systematic application of the corporate valuation model to all corporate decisions and strategic initiatives. VBM是企業(yè)價值評估模型在所有企業(yè)決策和戰(zhàn)略行動中的系統(tǒng)性應(yīng)用 ? The objective of VBM is to increase Market Value Added (MVA) VBM的目標(biāo)是增加市場增加值( MVA) 12 26 MVA and the Four Value Drivers MVA以及四種價值驅(qū)動因素 ? MVA is determined by four drivers: MVA主要由四種因素決定: ? Sales growth 銷售增長率 ? Operating profitability (OP=NOPAT/Sales) 營業(yè)獲利能力( =稅后凈營業(yè)利潤 /銷售收入) ? Capital requirements (CR=Operating capital / Sales) 資金需要量(資金需要量 =營業(yè)資本 /銷售收入) ? Weighted average cost of capital 加權(quán)平均資金成本 12 27 MVA for a Constant Growth Firm 固定增長公司的市場增加值( MVA) ?????????????????????????)1()1(gCRW A C COPgW A C CgS a l e sM V Att12 28 Insights from the Constant Growth Model 對固定增長模型的理解 ? The first bracket is the MVA of a firm that gets to keep all of its sales revenues (., its operating