【正文】
time/2 LCs 24 hrs Total manpower: animal tech x 1 PKDM tech x 2 Test article amount: 1 mg / test article Screening rate: one chemotypes with 30 pounds / 2 weeks NONNOSOOONONHFFFOONONNOSOO OOONHFFF OONONNOSOOOOONHFFFOOpKa = 10 pKa = pKa = Preduced%= 0% Preduced%= 7% Preduced%= 12% SAR: pKa vs. permeability 實(shí)例:結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和吸收率分析 NONNOOONSNN NHFFFOONONNOSOOONSNN NHHC h i r a lFFFOONONNOOONSNNFFFOONONNOSOOONSNN+FFFOOSAR: permeability vs. efficacy 實(shí)例:結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和吸收率和活性的分析 IC50 = 2 uM Preduced%= 0% IC50 = uM Preduced%= 0% IC50 = uM Preduced%= 17% IC50 = uM Preduced%= 15% 小結(jié):體外和離體藥物吸收實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng) 體外人大腸癌細(xì)胞模型 (in vitro Caco2 monolayer) 離體大鼠十二指腸灌流模型 (in situ rat intestine perfusion) 體內(nèi)動(dòng)物藥物代謝動(dòng)力學(xué)模型 二五原則 : 5毫克 /5天 0 . 0 10 . 11101000 0 . 5 1 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 5 4.血漿濃度 時(shí)間 化學(xué)藥物 化學(xué)藥物 +中藥 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 1500255075100P h e n o l R e dA c e t a m i n o p h e nB C H 3 8 4 0T i m e ( m i n )Decreased Concentration(%)中藥的藥物代謝動(dòng)力學(xué)的任務(wù) ? 本身的藥物代謝動(dòng)力學(xué)問題 ? 對(duì)其它藥物吸收的作用 排出太快 /藥效時(shí)間太短 口服吸收差 /血漿濃度太低 分布 排瀉 代謝問題 吸收問題 蛋白質(zhì)相互作用 分布體積 腎臟排泄 肝臟代謝 溶解度 腸道吸收膜通透性 腸道消化 早期研發(fā)階段 后期研發(fā)階段 Situation Analysis in vitro體外 metabolism in situ離體 permeability in vivo體內(nèi) bioavailability 死還是不死 ,這是個(gè)問題 . To be or not to be, this is a problem. 哈默雷特 體內(nèi)試驗(yàn)還是體外試驗(yàn) , 這是個(gè)問題 . In vitro or in vivo, this is a problem. 藥代研究員 動(dòng)物體內(nèi)模型 人體內(nèi) (臨床試驗(yàn) ) In vivo animals vs. in vivo humans 人體外模型 人體內(nèi) (臨床試驗(yàn) ) In vitro humans vs. in vivo humans 選擇的指南 ?與人相似:疾病模型,藥效,毒性,藥物代謝 ?實(shí)驗(yàn)成本 38 Heartbeat and Bodyweight ( 心率和體重) 小鼠 大鼠 兔 猴 狗 人 39 Liver weight and Hepatic Flow vs Bodyweight (體重,肝重和肝血流量 ) 人 狗 猴 兔 大鼠 小鼠 人 狗 猴 兔 大鼠 小鼠 40 Antipyrine clearance (l/min) rat mouse rabbit monkey dog human Clearance In Vitro Models of the Liver 體外肝模型 ? Hepatocytes 肝細(xì)胞 ? Liver slices 肝切片 ? Liver microsomes 肝 微粒體 ? Liver S9 Fraction 肝 S9組分 USFDA Guidance for Industry 美國(guó)藥物和食品管理局關(guān)于藥物代謝實(shí)驗(yàn)的指南 “ The most plete picture for hepatic metabolism can be obtained with liver systems,in which the cofactors are selfsufficient and the natural orientation for linked enzymes is preserved. Isolated hepatocytes and precisioncut slices have these desirable features.” Guidance for Industry, Drug Metabolism/Drug InteractionStudies in the Drug Development Process: Studies In VitroCDER, CBER, . FDA, 1997 譯文: 肝系統(tǒng)(分離的肝細(xì)胞和精確的肝切片)能為藥物代謝 實(shí)驗(yàn)提供最完全的信息,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)系統(tǒng)含有足夠的天然 水平的酶系。D 臨床實(shí)驗(yàn) 臨床前實(shí)驗(yàn) 研究和發(fā)現(xiàn) 研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)階段 ? 能否被吸收? permeability ? 是否被代謝? metabolic stability ? 代謝產(chǎn)物? metabolite identification ? 代謝途徑? pathway identification ? 對(duì)其它藥物的影響? drugdrug interaction Liquid Chromatography / Mass Spectrum of BCH3840 and its metabolite (BCH6440) NNN HO OHydroxylation or Oxidation MH+ = 310 MH+ = 294 Mass Identification HPLC profiles of BCH3840 and its metabolite (BCH6440) Preparation of metabolite by bulk incubation M M P P 10 mg microsomal protein 2 mg BCH3840 Fraction collection of metabolite fractionation concentration Nuclear Magic Resonance profiles of BCH3840 and its metabolite (BCH6440) NNN HO ONNO HN HO OC5H BCH3840 Metabolite Structure Elucidation 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 40255075100B C H 3 8 4 0 I C50 = 1 . 2 1 ? g / m l 。 T I = 1 . 9 1C o n c e n t r a t i o n [ ? g / m l ]Efficacy / Cytotoxicity %NNO HN HO OIn vitro therapeutic index of BCH6440 Efficacy Hits Optimized Lead Go or no go decision Compound for Development (CD) NEW DRUG IND NDA Ramp。D 臨床實(shí)驗(yàn) 臨床前實(shí)驗(yàn) 研究和發(fā)現(xiàn) 研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)階段 ? 能否被吸收? permeability ? 是否被代謝? metabolic stability ? 代謝產(chǎn)物? metabolite identification ? 代謝途徑? pathway identification ? 對(duì)其它藥物的影響? drugdrug interaction DrugDrug Interactions ( 對(duì)其它藥物代謝的影響) Inhibition ( 抑制) potential IC50 and Ki mechanism mechanistic(機(jī)械性) petitive (競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性) test system: liver microsomes (肝微粒體) cryopreserved hepatocytes (冷凍肝細(xì)胞) Induction(誘導(dǎo)) test system: fresh isolated hepatocytes (肝細(xì)胞) Target Enzymes Cytochrome P450s: 1A2, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4 Phase II conjugation: glucuronidation IC50 (?M): Goodness of Fit: 95% Confidence Intervals: – 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 50255075100125RW J6765 7 [lo g ? M]Formation of Bilirubin Monoglucuronide(Percent of NC)IC50 (?M): Goodness of Fit: 95% Confidence Intervals: CYP3A4 CYP3A4 Drugdrug interaction: inhibition 抑制作用 體外藥效濃度 = 1 uM 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70255075100RW J3519 58 [l og ? M]Formation of Bilirubin Monoglucuronide