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藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)在新藥研發(fā)中的作用(留存版)

  

【正文】 員 動(dòng)物體內(nèi)模型 人體內(nèi) (臨床試驗(yàn) ) In vivo animals vs. in vivo humans 人體外模型 人體內(nèi) (臨床試驗(yàn) ) In vitro humans vs. in vivo humans 選擇的指南 ?與人相似:疾病模型,藥效,毒性,藥物代謝 ?實(shí)驗(yàn)成本 38 Heartbeat and Bodyweight ( 心率和體重) 小鼠 大鼠 兔 猴 狗 人 39 Liver weight and Hepatic Flow vs Bodyweight (體重,肝重和肝血流量 ) 人 狗 猴 兔 大鼠 小鼠 人 狗 猴 兔 大鼠 小鼠 40 Antipyrine clearance (l/min) rat mouse rabbit monkey dog human Clearance In Vitro Models of the Liver 體外肝模型 ? Hepatocytes 肝細(xì)胞 ? Liver slices 肝切片 ? Liver microsomes 肝 微粒體 ? Liver S9 Fraction 肝 S9組分 USFDA Guidance for Industry 美國(guó)藥物和食品管理局關(guān)于藥物代謝實(shí)驗(yàn)的指南 “ The most plete picture for hepatic metabolism can be obtained with liver systems,in which the cofactors are selfsufficient and the natural orientation for linked enzymes is preserved. Isolated hepatocytes and precisioncut slices have these desirable features.” Guidance for Industry, Drug Metabolism/Drug InteractionStudies in the Drug Development Process: Studies In VitroCDER, CBER, . FDA, 1997 譯文: 肝系統(tǒng)(分離的肝細(xì)胞和精確的肝切片)能為藥物代謝 實(shí)驗(yàn)提供最完全的信息,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)系統(tǒng)含有足夠的天然 水平的酶系。D 臨床實(shí)驗(yàn) 臨床前實(shí)驗(yàn) 研究和發(fā)現(xiàn) 臨床階段 ?長(zhǎng)期毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)的動(dòng)物選擇 metabolism profiling in animals and humans Efficacy Hits Optimized Lead Go or no go decision Compound for Development (CD) NEW DRUG IND NDA Ramp。Ci/mg) Methods Incubation procedures Viability (Trypan blue exclusion) 70% Final cell density: 2 x 106 viable cell/mL Final concentration of test article: 20 181。 母愛(ài)是光,照亮你的心靈。 T I = 1 5 . 9 7T o x i c i t y : T C50 = 1 9 . 1 7 ? g / m lB C H 6 4 4 0 I C50 = 9 . 9 9 ? g / m l 。D 臨床實(shí)驗(yàn) 臨床前實(shí)驗(yàn) 研究和發(fā)現(xiàn) 臨床前階段 ? 生物利用度 bioavailability ? 血漿濃度的線性和非線性 dose escalation amp。 female) Cynomolgus monkey (male amp。 在文明的年代里,母愛(ài)是道德。D 臨床實(shí)驗(yàn) 臨床前實(shí)驗(yàn) 研究和發(fā)現(xiàn) 研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)階段 ? 能否被吸收? permeability ? 是否被代謝? metabolic stability ? 代謝產(chǎn)物? metabolite identification ? 代謝途徑? pathway identification ? 對(duì)其它藥物的影響? drugdrug interaction DrugDrug Interactions ( 對(duì)其它藥物代謝的影響) Inhibition ( 抑制) potential IC50 and Ki mechanism mechanistic(機(jī)械性) petitive (競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性) test system: liver microsomes (肝微粒體) cryopreserved hepatocytes (冷凍肝細(xì)胞) Induction(誘導(dǎo)) test system: fresh isolated hepatocytes (肝細(xì)胞) Target Enzymes Cytochrome P450s: 1A2, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4 Phase II conjugation: glucuronidation IC50 (?M): Goodness of Fit: 95% Confidence Intervals: – 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 50255075100125RW J6765 7 [lo g ? M]Formation of Bilirubin Monoglucuronide(Percent of NC)IC50 (?M): Goodness of Fit: 95% Confidence Intervals: CYP3A4 CYP3A4 Drugdrug interaction: inhibition 抑制作用 體外藥效濃度 = 1 uM 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70255075100RW J3519 58 [l og ? M]Formation of Bilirubin Monoglucuronide(Percent of NC)Drugdrug interaction: Induction ( 肝細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)模型) 5 days procedure Day 0: Isolate fresh hepatocytes, viability 70% Plating hepatocytes to 24well plate, x 106 viable cells/well Plating media replaced with sandwich after 7hour attachment Day 1: incubation for establishing basal levels of CYP450 isoforms. Day 2: same as Day 1 Day 3: dosing with test articles Day 4: same as Day 3 Day 5: washing out the dosing solution and adding substrates for CYP450 isoforms as below: 1A2 ethocyresorufin Odeethylation 2A6 coumarin 7hydroxylation 2C9 tolbutamide 4hydroxylation 2C19 Smephenytoin 4hydroxylation 2D6 dextromethorphan Odemethylation 2E1 chlorzoxazone 6hydroxylation 3A4 testosterone 6b hydroxylation C Y P 1 A 2VC PC 2 2 0 2 00 2 00 0 0123453 4 8 2 6 0 [ ? M]P C = o m e p r a z o l e ( 5 0 ? M)Resorufin formation(pmol/million cells/min)C Y P 3 A 4VC PC 2 2 0 2 00 2 00 0 02550753 4 8 2 6 0 [ ? M]P C = r i f a m p i n ( 2 5 ? M)6bhydroxytestosterone Formation(pmol/million cells/min)Drugdrug interaction: Induction 誘導(dǎo)作用 排出太快 /藥效時(shí)間太短 口服吸收差 /血漿濃度太低 分布 排瀉 代謝問(wèn)題 吸收問(wèn)題 蛋白質(zhì)相互作用 分布體積 腎臟排泄 肝臟代謝 溶解度 腸道吸收膜通透性 腸道消化 早期研發(fā)階段 后期研發(fā)階段 Situation Analysis in vitro體外 metabolism in situ離體 permeability in vivo體內(nèi) bioavailability Efficacy Hits Optimized Lead Go or no go decision Compound for Development (CD) NEW DRUG IND NDA Ramp。藥物代謝及其動(dòng)力學(xué)在新藥研發(fā)中的應(yīng)用 胡卓漢 博士 瑞德肝臟疾病研究 (上海 )有限公司 復(fù)旦大學(xué)藥學(xué)院 2022年 12月 30日 中國(guó) .北京 Efficacy Hits Optimized Lead Go or no go decision Compound for Development (CD) NEW DRUG IND NDA Ramp。D 臨床實(shí)驗(yàn) 臨床前實(shí)驗(yàn) 研究和發(fā)現(xiàn) 臨床前階段 ?生物利用度 bioavailability ? 血漿濃度的線性和非線性 dose escalation amp。 在歡樂(lè)的年代里,母愛(ài)是幸福。 accumulation ? 吸收和排泄模式 mass balance ? 體內(nèi)分布 distribution ? 從動(dòng)物代謝推算人體代謝 extrapolation 0 10 20 30 40 50 600500100015002022250030003500LegendI
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