【正文】
在家),on(在…上)→(進行,繼續(xù)),等等。專有名詞中實詞的第一個字母要大寫。如:the Great Wall(長城)姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。如:pupil, family, man, foot.普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如:water, news, oil, population, information .英語可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù):英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,x ,sh,:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]:少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時只加s。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk. 名詞所有格: 名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,相當于物主代詞,在句中作定語、賓語或主語。如:Childern’s Day(兒童節(jié)), my sister’s book(我姐姐的書)(2)以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如:Teachers’ Day(教師節(jié)) (3)有些表示時間、距離以及世界、國家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加’s. 如:today’s newspaper(今天的報紙), ten minutes’ break(十分鐘的課間休息),China’s population(中國的人口). (4)無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊) maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù):The news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮)glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句) and 連接兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù),但是兩個名詞若構(gòu)成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數(shù)。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子) 用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:A woman with a 7yearold child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當時)就站在路邊) 1either…or…或者 neither…nor…連接兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語采用就近原則。/你和他有一個人是對的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 1表示一段時間或長度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數(shù)。如:People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜愛運動) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運會將在北京舉行)(被動句) / Our school football team won the league match(聯(lián)賽).(我們學(xué)校足球隊取得了聯(lián)賽冠軍) / They were strong and won the boat race.(湯他們很棒,贏得了劃艇比賽) festival、holiday、vacation的區(qū)別:festival“節(jié)日”,指喜慶的日子或持續(xù)一段時間的文娛活動;holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,復(fù)數(shù)可以表示一個較長的假期;vacation“假期”,指學(xué)習(xí)或工作中一段長時間的休息。如:He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行觀光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好幾次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亞哥) during your travels?(旅行期間你去圣地亞哥了嗎?) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里邊穿行是很危險的) sound、noise、voice的區(qū)別:sound指各種聲音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多種類的魚)/ I prefer fish to meat.(與肉相比我更喜歡魚) 三、代詞:代詞的分類:英語中代詞分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽性陰性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我們)you(你們)they (他們,她們,它們)賓格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我們)you(你們)them (他們,她們,它們)主格用來作句子的主語、表語。如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語?) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我們常給他寫信)人稱代詞作表語或者放在比較狀語從句連詞than或as之后時,可以用主格形式,也可以用賓格形式,口語中大多用賓格。) 三個不同人稱同時出現(xiàn),或者主語中包含“我”時,按照“you→he→I”的順序表達。如:What’s the weather like today?(今天天氣怎樣?)—It’s fine.(天氣晴好) / What’s the time?(幾點啦?) –It’s 12:00.(12點) / It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好長的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打掃屋子花了他三天的時間) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很顯然,公眾想知道這些人什么時候能進入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我們發(fā)覺要學(xué)好一門外語是非常困難的)物主代詞:說明事物所屬關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。如:Is that your umbrella?(那是你的傘嗎?) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我經(jīng)常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他們的書) 名詞性物主代詞相當于名詞,既代替事物又表明所屬關(guān)系,在句子中往往獨立地作主語、賓語或者表語,后面千萬不可以跟名詞。如:A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一個朋友昨天來看我了) (指若干朋友中有一個來看我。)反身代詞:表示謂語的動作與主語有關(guān)或者賓語補足語的動作與賓語有關(guān)。如:Don’