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some和 any 的用法:some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“幾個”、“一些”、“某個”作定語時可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。詳見相應(yīng)從句。如:Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?(你看得見順著河跑的男人/狗了嗎?)連接代詞:用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句、主語從句或表語從句的連接詞稱連接代詞。如:Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你認(rèn)識那個戴著紅帽子的男人嗎?) 關(guān)系代詞which 指物,如果作從句的賓語,則有時省略。英語中的關(guān)系代詞一方面在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分,另一方面又起連接作用。如:What’s this?(這是什么?) / That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飛機(jī)是塑料做的)(被動句) / Remember never to do such things.(記得永遠(yuǎn)不要做這樣的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老師說的做)/ Who is it?(是誰?) It’s me!(是我!)關(guān)系代詞:用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞叫關(guān)系代詞,參見后面的定語從句。如:The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他沒有講好) 指示代詞: 指示說明近處或者遠(yuǎn)處、上文或者下文、以前或者現(xiàn)在的人或事物。第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽性陰性中性myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我們自己)yourselves(你們自己)themselves (他們/她們/它們自己)反身代詞在句子中作賓語表示反射(指一個動作回到該動作執(zhí)行者本身)。)[試比較] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天來看我了)(指我的那個特定的朋友來看我。如:This is your cup,but where is mine?(這是你的杯子,可我的在哪兒?) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你們的教室很大,我們的相當(dāng)小)“of + 名詞性物主代詞”稱為雙重所有格,作定語時放在名詞的后面。第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù) 數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽性陰性中性形容詞性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我們的)your(你們的)their (他們的,她們的,它們的)名詞性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我們的)yours(你們的)theirs(他們的,她們的,它們的)形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語,后面要跟名詞。如:Both he and I are working at that puter pany.(我和他都在那家電腦公司上班) –Who will go there?(誰要去那兒?) –You and me.(你和我) 人稱代詞it除了可以指人指物之外,還可以表示“時間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況”等含義,此外還可以作“非人稱代詞”使用,替代作主語或者賓語的不定式、動名詞或者名詞性從句。如:Who is it?(是誰?) –It’s I/me.(是我。如: I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去購物) / Are they from Brazil?(他們是巴西人嗎?) / Where have they gone?(他們上哪兒去了?) / That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他!)賓格用來作及物動詞或者介詞的賓語。人稱代詞:人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧囂聲讓我徹夜難眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然間傳來幾聲槍響和一聲尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因為感冒的緣故,這個歌唱家失去了她銀鈴般的嗓音) fish的問題:指許多條魚且不管種類時,用fish,單復(fù)數(shù)相同;fishes 指許多種類的魚:fish指“魚肉”時是不可數(shù)名詞。如:The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海電視節(jié)將在下個月舉行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是個假日,多數(shù)人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情?) journey、tour、trip、travel的區(qū)別:journey指在陸地上(或海上或空中)進(jìn)行的長途旅行,不知終點,含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,強(qiáng)調(diào)游覽多處,常用來指觀光等;trip通常指往返定時的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指長期或長途的觀光旅行,尤其指到國外,沒有明確目的地,也作不可數(shù)名詞,指旅行這一行為。如:Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當(dāng)長的一段距離) 1主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語時,謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時)正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動句) 但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: What’s the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數(shù)) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù))部分名詞用法辨析:sport、game、match、race 的區(qū)別:sport通常指“戶外運(yùn)動”,以鍛煉為主,概念較大;game意思是“運(yùn)動、比賽”,不管戶內(nèi)戶外還是腦力體力,指以勝負(fù)為主的運(yùn)動;match意為“競賽、比賽”,多指正式比賽;race主要表示“賽跑、賽馬、賽車”。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你對,要么是他對。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來) 主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品) there be 句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如:The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買) a lot