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China’s population=the population Of China(中國的人口) China’s capital=the capital of China(中國的首都) ?、陔p重所有格 fiend of my mother’s我媽媽的一個朋友 a picture of Tom’s湯姆的一張圖片易錯點1)Help yourself to _________.A. some chickensB. a chickenB. What a fine weather選擇C和D的同學(xué)要注意weather是名詞,: pencil box。B. is studyingC. be studyingD. studying答案: A. (選擇B的同學(xué)要注意,“人”: the police are running after the thief等)冠詞冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面幫助指明名詞的含義。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示“一”的意義,但不強調(diào)數(shù)目觀念,只表示名詞為不特定者。I 不定冠詞We need an apple and a knife.不定冠詞有a[+]和an[+Q]兩種形式,a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前。a boy, a European countryu是元音字母,但發(fā)音是[U(],是輔音。an elephant, an umbrella, an egg2(1)不定冠詞的用法?、俜褐浮惾嘶蛭?。eg. I met an old man On my way home.?、塾迷谛驍?shù)詞前,相當(dāng)于another.eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.④表示“每—(個)”,相當(dāng)于every.eg. They have music lessons twice a week.必背!give a lesson have a rest教(一堂)課 發(fā)燒過得愉快have(take)a walkeg, a bike, an egg②當(dāng)名詞被such, what, many修飾時,不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.How nice a film this is?、墚?dāng)名詞前面有形容詞和quite, rather, very時,不定冠詞放在quite, rather之后,very之前。eg:I have two children, a boy and a girl. The boy’s name is Mark. The girl’s name is Penny.(2)特指某(些)人或物。eg: My shoes are under the bed.Please open the window.(4)用在形容最高級和部分比較級前,及形容詞only, very, same等前面:s the very thing I39。t pass the exam.他是唯一一個沒通過考試的人。eg Monday is the second day of a week.Where do you live? I live on the second floor. eg The moon moves round the earth.(7)用在某些形容詞前,表示—類人或物。eg. The Greens are having dinner at home.(9)用在樂器前。eg. In the 1970s, a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.I think he is in the thirties.(11)用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面。 華北平原the Rocky Mountains 洛磯山脈the Black Sea 黑海(12)用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。s Republic of China 中華人民共和國the United Nations 聯(lián)合國(13)含有定冠詞the的詞組。如:The horse is a useful animal.(用定冠詞)A horse is a useful animal.(用不定冠詞)Horses are useful animals.(用復(fù)數(shù))馬是一種有用的動物。eg. eg.eg. Which man is Mr Green?Each student has a beautiful picture.(4)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物時不用冠詞。eg. Snow is white.(6)抽象名詞表示一般概念時不用冠詞。 basketball/soccer/chess(8)在三餐前不用冠詞。, China, Tiananmen Square, New Year’s Day, Tuesday, January National Day如:the Spring festival 春節(jié)(10)在學(xué)科和節(jié)目名稱前不用冠詞。注意此時要用大寫MotherFather is at home, but Mother isn39。We39。Sir, may you answer me a question?先生,您能回答我一個問題嗎? noon, at work, at home, by bus, by air, on foot, from morning till night,in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院)in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在監(jiān)獄里)at table(吃飯,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)in front of(在某個范圍之外的前面);in the front of(在某個范圍之外的前面)go to college(上大學(xué));go to the college(去那所大學(xué))take place(發(fā)生);take the place(代替)IV、冠詞基本用法【速記口訣】名詞是禿子,常要戴帽子,可數(shù)名詞單,須用a或an, 輔音前用a, an在元音前,若為特指時,則須用定冠, 復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù),泛指the不見,碰到代詞時,冠詞均不現(xiàn)。 冠詞是中考必考的語法知識之一,也是中考考查的主要對象。V冠詞的易錯點:1 It39。 table.A. /,the C. The,/ 答案: C. 在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前用the表示一家人,就餐用at table. bread and B./,the D. the, thet give up, try for B. a D. an walk with me after B. a,/ D./,at water or air on the moon, andt live on it.A. a C. one 答案: D. 當(dāng)man表示人類時,前面不加冠詞。 6 more you read English, better you39。 B./,/ D. The, a7The Greens ______ upstairs.A.此題是考查定冠詞放在姓氏前面表示一家人,the Greens意為 “格林一家人”,是復(fù)數(shù),故選A。 a B. an。 the D. an。h雖然是輔音字母,但發(fā)/eitF/的音,是元音音素開頭的,故其前用an。所以選B。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。8. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見下表::He is my 。s me.My dog likes 。He is a student. 他是個學(xué)生。s me(I). 是誰?。渴俏?。注意I(我)無論放在句首、句中或句尾,都要大寫。They speak English in the country. 在那個國家,人們說英語。Who broke the Window?誰打碎了玻璃?I and Li Ming. 我和李明.(2)we,you,they的特殊用法we,you,they有時并非指特定的人,譯時不必譯出“我們”、“你們”、“他們”。You don39。They speak English in Canada.在加拿大,人們說英語。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種,其人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表。 這是我父親。s mine.那輛自行車是你的嗎?是的,那是我的。I like his car.(2)名詞性物主代詞可作主語Our school is here,and theirs is there.我們的學(xué)校在這兒,他們的在那兒。s hers.(=her bike)這是誰的自行車?是她的。s mine.那輛車是你的嗎?是的,它是我的。s clean their room first and ours(=our room)later.咱們先打掃他們的房間,然后再打掃我們的。按此句型“我的朋友之一”應(yīng)譯為a friend(名詞)of mine(名詞性所有格)。That watch of hers is beautiful.她的表很漂亮。()a my friendIII指示代詞表示“這個”、“那個”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的代詞叫做指示代詞。this(復(fù)數(shù)形式是these),是指在時間上或空間上離說話人較近的人或物。1指示代詞的基本用法(在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語)This is my doll. That is Mary39。這是我的洋娃娃,那是瑪麗的。 那是個好主意。(3)作賓語You like this but I like that.你喜歡這個,而我喜歡那個。(1)但是this,these不可代替。(2)this,that有時可代替句子或句中的一部分。s why he didn39。He broke the window,and that cost him 10dollars.他打破了窗玻璃,那(打破玻璃這件事)要花費他10美元。例如:常見的不定代詞有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one,ones,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some,any,no等的合成代詞(如:anybody,something,no one)。(這些詞作定語時,有些語法書稱之為形容詞)下面我們把一些主要的不定代詞用法歸納如下:1 one的用法(1)one(一個),可以指人,也可以指物。one(主語)should not praise oneself(賓語).一個人不應(yīng)炫耀自己。s own guide.如要參觀這個城市,得自己找向?qū)?。Do you have a car?Yes,I have one.你有一輛小汽車嗎?是的,我有一輛。(3)one的前面可用this,that,the,which等詞修飾。I have an old bike,but he has a new one.我有輛舊自行車,他有輛新的。t fit me,I39。比較it和one的比較it用來指特定的東西(the+名詞);而one則用于替代不特定的東西(a,an+名詞)You have a pen,can I use it(=the pen)?你有一支鋼筆,我可以用它(這支鋼筆)嗎?(特指)Do you have a pen?Yes,I have one(=a pen).你有鋼筆嗎?是的,我有一支。some一般用于肯定句中,any一般用于否定旬、疑問句和條件句中。 我有一些科技書。 瓶子里有一些墨水。t any money.(=I have no money.)Do you have any?我一分錢都沒有了,你有(錢嗎)?注意not…any =no…any在否定句、問句中不須譯出來。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事告訴你。t know anything about it .(I know nothing about it .)關(guān)于這件事,我什么都不知道。 任何人都可以做這件事。(3) 在疑問句中,一般不用some,只有當(dāng)問句表示一種邀請或請求,或期待一個肯定的回答時才能用some。I don39。(我不會認(rèn)識你們)I don39。(5)some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前時,表示“某個”,而不是“一些”。There must be some reason for what he39。比較:Is there anything to eat?有什么吃的嗎?(不知有沒有,只是問一問)Is there something to eat?有一些吃的吧?(希望,而且斷定會有)3 few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別(1)(2)other, the other, another, others, the others的