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動(dòng)詞的各種形式和分類-在線瀏覽

2024-09-13 01:06本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 動(dòng)詞主要包括及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類。在英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞,又可作不及物動(dòng)詞?! 〕R?jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞有:  apologize 道歉     appear 出現(xiàn)      arrive 到達(dá)  e 來(lái)        go 去         run 跑  walk 走        die 死        fall 掉  flow 流淌       happen 發(fā)生      rise 升起、站起  stay 呆、留      sit 坐        lie 躺  stand 站        cry 哭        swim 游泳39??煞譃楦鷨钨e語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞、跟雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞、跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的及物動(dòng)詞等。You can borrow one book at a time from the library.在圖書(shū)館一次只能借一本書(shū)。B.指人的間接賓語(yǔ)在指物的直接賓語(yǔ)后需加for的動(dòng)詞:buy 買        choose 選擇      draw 畫(huà)find 發(fā)現(xiàn)       keep 保持       make 使order 點(diǎn)菜      paint 油漆       save 救護(hù)’ll find you another chance.(可變?yōu)镮’ll find another chance for you.)我會(huì)再給你找機(jī)會(huì)的。③常見(jiàn)的跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞A.可跟形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:believe 相信     drive 驅(qū)趕;使find 發(fā)現(xiàn)       get 使keep 使保持      leave 留下make 使        push 推set 使         consider 認(rèn)為cut 切        dye 染declare 宣布     imagine 想象judge 判斷      paint 漆 all believe him honest and kind.我們都相信他誠(chéng)實(shí)、善良。B.可跟名詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:call 叫 name 命名 make 使變?yōu)閣ish 祝愿 consider 認(rèn)為 find 找到keep 使 choose 選擇 elect 選舉 consider him a strange person.我們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)奇怪的人。D.可跟“to be+名詞或形容詞作賓補(bǔ)”的動(dòng)詞有:believe 認(rèn)為      conside r認(rèn)為feel 感覺(jué)        find 發(fā)現(xiàn)imagine 想象      know 知道suppose 猜測(cè)      understand 理解prove 證明       declare 宣布 believe what you said to be true.我相信你所說(shuō)的是真的。E.可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:have 使         make 使let 讓          see 看見(jiàn)notice 注意       feel 感覺(jué)watch 注意看      look at 看listen to 聽(tīng)      observe 觀察discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)注意:我們通常給學(xué)生講的原則是記住這些詞后加動(dòng)詞原形。F.可用ing形式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:see 看見(jiàn) hear 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)keep 使catch 抓住 find 發(fā)現(xiàn)have 讓watch 注意看 smell 聞到 look at 看listen to 聽(tīng) observe 觀察 discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)get 使have 使 you hear someone playing the piano next door?你能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)隔壁有人彈鋼琴嗎?()The boy was last seen playing by the riverside.()人們最后一次看見(jiàn)這小男孩時(shí)他在河邊玩耍。H.可跟as/for等引起的介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:regard 看做       consider 認(rèn)為      choose 選為use 當(dāng)作……用     keep 把……當(dāng)作 can keep this book as your own.你可以留著這本書(shū)自己用。I.可跟副詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask 叫、讓 get 使 find 發(fā)現(xiàn)let 讓 drive 開(kāi)車送 show 領(lǐng)see 看見(jiàn) invite 邀請(qǐng) order 命令 I ask Bob in?我可以讓鮑勃進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?Show the visitor in, please.請(qǐng)把客人帶進(jìn)來(lái)。Keep all these books on the shelf and take them when necessary.把所有的書(shū)放在書(shū)架上,用時(shí)隨時(shí)拿?! ”頎顟B(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞be 是 look 看上去  seem 似乎appear 看上去顯得  smell 聞起菜 taste 嘗起來(lái)sound 聽(tīng)起來(lái)  feel 感覺(jué)  sit 坐stand 站  lie 躺 keep 保持stay 保持 is kind and honest.她誠(chéng)實(shí)而又善良。She always keeps silent whenever I see her.不管我什么時(shí)候看見(jiàn)她,她總保持沉默。表轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的連系動(dòng)詞bee 變得 get 變得 grow 長(zhǎng)得turn 變得 go 變得  e 成為fall 變?yōu)椤rove 證明 fall asleep easily.孩子們?nèi)胨?。The weather is being warmer and warmer as the spring is ing.春天來(lái)了,天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。3.持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞又稱延續(xù)動(dòng)詞,表示一種可以持續(xù)的行為過(guò)程或狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有:admit 承認(rèn) arrive 到達(dá)begin 開(kāi)始 borrow 借 buy 買 break 打破close 關(guān)閉 e 來(lái) die 死 fall 倒 go 走 hit 擊中 join 加入 jump 跳 leave 離開(kāi) lose 丟 marry 結(jié)婚 open 打開(kāi) put 放 start 開(kāi)始 stop 停常用的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞的對(duì)照:釋義終止性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞買借到達(dá)得知,獲悉穿放結(jié)婚了解回來(lái)離開(kāi)站起來(lái)躺下坐下buyborrowarrivelearnput onputmarryget to knowe backleavestand uplie downsit downhavekeepstayknowwearliebe marriedknowbe backbe awaystandliesit  持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別(1)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)修飾,而終止性動(dòng)詞不可以。注意:在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中我們將詳細(xì)地復(fù)習(xí)終止性動(dòng)詞變成持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法。所以上表同學(xué)們應(yīng)熟記。這種表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),實(shí)質(zhì)上是表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的某個(gè)時(shí)間“點(diǎn)”。The fire broke out during the night.火災(zāi)是夜間發(fā)生的。 I came home she was cooking dinner.()When I came home she was cooking dinner.(√)我到家時(shí),她正在做飯。 did you get to know him?你什么時(shí)候認(rèn)識(shí)他的?They began to see that they had made a serious mistake.他們開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到自己犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。但這里只是了解一下,在初中階段的考試中,最好還是考慮持續(xù)性時(shí)間用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。We haven’t e here for ages.我們多年沒(méi)來(lái)這里了。4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞  本身有各種意義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài),這樣的動(dòng)詞稱為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。  常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can,could,may,might,will, would, should,ought to, must,need, dare, used to等。 can peak several languages very well besides Russian and Korean.除了俄語(yǔ)和韓語(yǔ)外,我還能流利地說(shuō)幾種語(yǔ)言。B.當(dāng)人們現(xiàn)在決定將來(lái)的可能性時(shí),常常用can。We can talk about this matter 1ater on in my home.我們可以稍后在我家討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 I have fulfilled my present work tomorrow, I’ll be able to join your traveling.如果我明天能完成目前的任務(wù),我就能參加你們的旅行。 was able to/could swim well when I was only six years old.我六歲時(shí)便能很好地游泳。 could hardly understand her Japanese, but I was able to read her face.我?guī)缀醪欢f(shuō)的日語(yǔ),但我卻讀懂了她的表情。 you be able to camera the lecture tomorrow?你明天能把講座錄下來(lái)嗎?I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter in time.真對(duì)不起我沒(méi)能及時(shí)給你回信。有時(shí)指一時(shí)的情況,常常譯為“有時(shí)候會(huì)”。Driving on these snowy roads can be very dangerous.在這些積雪的路上開(kāi)車有時(shí)會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)。B.在否定和疑問(wèn)句中,can表達(dá)可能性,有驚異、懷疑、不相信之意,這時(shí)can與could沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差異,只是could的語(yǔ)氣更委婉、客氣。How can that be true? I can’t believe my eyes and ears.那怎么可能是真的?我真不敢相信我的眼睛和耳朵。can have done主要用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。She could have told Jim yesterday about the delay of the party.她昨天可能告訴吉姆晚會(huì)推遲的事了。 I watch TV for a while, Mum? I have been studying for the ing examinations for a whole day.媽媽,我可以看一會(huì)兒電視嗎?我已經(jīng)為將要到來(lái)的考試學(xué)了一整天了。.—Could I use your cellphone for a while? 我可以用一會(huì)兒你的手機(jī)嗎?—Yes, of course you ,當(dāng)然可以。這種用法常見(jiàn)于陳述句和疑問(wèn)句中。Could/Can you make some room for me, please?你能否為我騰出一點(diǎn)地方來(lái)?(2)may/might的用法  may/might的各種形式如下表所示:①表示許可  may和might表示“許可”比can和could更正式。表示給予許可時(shí)用may不用might;may not用來(lái)表示拒絕或禁止。Students may not stay out after midnight.學(xué)生不準(zhǔn)午夜后在外逗留。在引出間接引語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式之后,may改為might。He explained that he might be late due to the traffic.他解釋說(shuō)由于交通他可能會(huì)來(lái)晚。might不是may的過(guò)去式,它所表示的可能性比may所表示的可能性(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的可能性)小一些。 may go camping this Saturday.本周六我們可以去露營(yíng)。如果他打電話的話,能否告訴他晚些時(shí)候再打?may not與cannot/can’t的區(qū)別may not指“可能不”,而cannot指“不可能”。我拿不準(zhǔn)。③may表示祝愿 you all succeed in whatever you do!祝你諸事成功!May you have a good time flying over the Pacific to Australia!祝你飛越太平洋到達(dá)澳大利亞的旅途快樂(lè)。have to的各種形式如下:①表示義務(wù)A.兩者都表示義務(wù),但意思不盡相同?!痬 afraid I must look back upon the way I’ve just been on.恐怕我得回顧一下我剛剛走過(guò)的路。B.must僅表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的義務(wù),講述過(guò)去要用had to。 had to leave early this morning because I had a parentteacher association to attend.我今天早晨得早走,因?yàn)槲业萌⒓蛹议L(zhǎng)會(huì)。C.must的否定式表示“禁止、不允許”之意;have to的否定式表示“不必”。You don’t need to/don’t have to/needn’t tell him the truth if you don’t want to.如果你不想告訴他真相,你沒(méi)有必要告訴他。這種用法了解一下即可。(否定形式為haven’t。)Who has got to be blamed for this accident?這個(gè)事
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