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eep 保持stay 保持 is kind and honest.她誠(chéng)實(shí)而又善良。The park looks very beautiful.這個(gè)公園看起來(lái)很漂亮。She always keeps silent whenever I see her.不管我什么時(shí)候看見(jiàn)她,她總保持沉默。Stand still and I’ll take a picture of you.請(qǐng)站穩(wěn),我給你照相。表轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的連系動(dòng)詞bee 變得 get 變得 grow 長(zhǎng)得turn 變得 go 變得 e 成為fall 變?yōu)椤rove 證明 fall asleep easily.孩子們?nèi)胨臁fter graduation, she turned nurse.畢業(yè)后她當(dāng)了護(hù)士。The weather is being warmer and warmer as the spring is ing.春天來(lái)了,天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。He went blind at the age of seven.他七歲失明。3.持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞又稱延續(xù)動(dòng)詞,表示一種可以持續(xù)的行為過(guò)程或狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有:drink 喝 eat 吃 fly 飛 have 有 keep 保持know 知道lie 躺 live 住play 玩 rain 下雨read 讀 run 跑sing 唱 sleep 睡覺(jué) smoke 抽煙snow 下雪 stand 站 talk 說(shuō)wait 等 walk 走wear 穿work 工作 write 寫(xiě) sit 坐終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞又稱非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示行為或過(guò)程是短暫瞬間完成的。常見(jiàn)的有:admit 承認(rèn) arrive 到達(dá)begin 開(kāi)始 borrow 借 buy 買 break 打破close 關(guān)閉 e 來(lái) die 死 fall 倒 go 走 hit 擊中 join 加入 jump 跳 leave 離開(kāi) lose 丟 marry 結(jié)婚 open 打開(kāi) put 放 start 開(kāi)始 stop 停常用的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞的對(duì)照:釋義終止性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞買借到達(dá)得知,獲悉穿放結(jié)婚了解回來(lái)離開(kāi)站起來(lái)躺下坐下buyborrowarrivelearnput onputmarryget to knowe backleavestand uplie downsit downhavekeepstayknowwearliebe marriedknowbe backbe awaystandliesit 持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別(1)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)修飾,而終止性動(dòng)詞不可以。 long can I keep the book?(請(qǐng)比較這里的借不用borrow)這本書(shū)我可以借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?They will work here till next Friday.他們要在這里工作到下周五。注意:在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中我們將詳細(xì)地復(fù)習(xí)終止性動(dòng)詞變成持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法。因?yàn)樵诔踔须A段我們學(xué)習(xí)終止性動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞主要用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),考點(diǎn)也在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。所以上表同學(xué)們應(yīng)熟記。(2)有時(shí),終止性動(dòng)詞也能同表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配。這種表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),實(shí)質(zhì)上是表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的某個(gè)時(shí)間“點(diǎn)”。 play will start in half an hour.演出半個(gè)小時(shí)后開(kāi)始。The fire broke out during the night.火災(zāi)是夜間發(fā)生的。(3)終止性動(dòng)詞一般不跟while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。 I came home she was cooking dinner.()When I came home she was cooking dinner.(√)我到家時(shí),她正在做飯。(4)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一時(shí)的動(dòng)作,可以在該動(dòng)詞前加get/begin/e。 did you get to know him?你什么時(shí)候認(rèn)識(shí)他的?They began to see that they had made a serious mistake.他們開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到自己犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。(5)終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配。但這里只是了解一下,在初中階段的考試中,最好還是考慮持續(xù)性時(shí)間用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 didn’t find our seats till the play had begun.我們直到演出開(kāi)始才找到位子。We haven’t e here for ages.我們多年沒(méi)來(lái)這里了。The rain hasn’t stopped since three hours ago.這雨下了三個(gè)小時(shí)了。4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 本身有各種意義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài),這樣的動(dòng)詞稱為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化?! 〕S玫那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞有can,could,may,might,will, would, should,ought to, must,need, dare, used to等。(1)can/could的用法can/could的各種形式如下:①表示能力A.表示一般的能力,指過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在無(wú)論什么時(shí)候想做就能做到的能力。 can peak several languages very well besides Russian and Korean.除了俄語(yǔ)和韓語(yǔ)外,我還能流利地說(shuō)幾種語(yǔ)言。I couldn’t speak well until I was five years old.我直到五歲才說(shuō)話流利。B.當(dāng)人們現(xiàn)在決定將來(lái)的可能性時(shí),常常用can。 are too busy now, but we can talk about your matter later.現(xiàn)在我們太忙,我們可以以后討論你的問(wèn)題。We can talk about this matter 1ater on in my home.我們可以稍后在我家討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。注意:當(dāng)表達(dá)將來(lái)的能力時(shí)一般用will be able to,而不用can。 I have fulfilled my present work tomorrow, I’ll be able to join your traveling.如果我明天能完成目前的任務(wù),我就能參加你們的旅行。用法比較:can與be able toA.can與be able to表示過(guò)去時(shí)間泛指的能力時(shí),二者通用。 was able to/could swim well when I was only six years old.我六歲時(shí)便能很好地游泳。B.指過(guò)去某時(shí)或某個(gè)時(shí)刻設(shè)法做成某事不用could用was/were able to。 could hardly understand her Japanese, but I was able to read her face.我?guī)缀醪欢f(shuō)的日語(yǔ),但我卻讀懂了她的表情。C.be able to有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。 you be able to camera the lecture tomorrow?你明天能把講座錄下來(lái)嗎?I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter in time.真對(duì)不起我沒(méi)能及時(shí)給你回信。②表示可能性A.表達(dá)“理論上的可能性”,即事件或情況可能發(fā)生但并不涉及是否真的會(huì)發(fā)生。有時(shí)指一時(shí)的情況,常常譯為“有時(shí)候會(huì)”。 can be very hot in North China in summer.夏季華北地區(qū)會(huì)很熱。Driving on these snowy roads can be very dangerous.在這些積雪的路上開(kāi)車有時(shí)會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)。In winter in North China, the temperature can be below40℃.冬天在華北,溫度有時(shí)候會(huì)低于40℃。B.在否定和疑問(wèn)句中,can表達(dá)可能性,有驚異、懷疑、不相信之意,這時(shí)can與could沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差異,只是could的語(yǔ)氣更委婉、客氣。 couldn’t be Dad. He won’t be back this time of evening.不可能是父親,他不可能晚上這個(gè)時(shí)候回來(lái)。How can that be true? I can’t believe my eyes and ears.那怎么可能是真的?我真不敢相信我的眼睛和耳朵。C.can/could have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)。can have done主要用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。 can’t have gone to school, for it was Sunday.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔飕旣惒豢赡苋チ藢W(xué)校。She could have told Jim yesterday about the delay of the party.她昨天可能告訴吉姆晚會(huì)推遲的事了。③表示許可A.征求許可用could比用can更加遲疑不決,當(dāng)沒(méi)有把握得到允許或需要委婉表達(dá)時(shí)用could。 I watch TV for a while, Mum? I have been studying for the ing examinations for a whole day.媽媽,我可以看一會(huì)兒電視嗎?我已經(jīng)為將要到來(lái)的考試學(xué)了一整天了。Could I take this seat, sir, if you don’t mind?先生,如果你不介意,我可以坐這個(gè)位子嗎?B.給予許可當(dāng)表示允許別人做什么事時(shí),用can而不用could。.—Could I use your cellphone for a while? 我可以用一會(huì)兒你的手機(jī)嗎?—Yes, of course you ,當(dāng)然可以。C.表示提議和請(qǐng)求 在語(yǔ)氣上,could沒(méi)有can肯定,使提議或請(qǐng)求聽(tīng)起來(lái)更加客氣,更含有尊重之意。這種用法常見(jiàn)于陳述句和疑問(wèn)句中。 could/can do the paper work for you, if you are too busy.如果你太忙,我來(lái)為你寫(xiě)這些東西。Could/Can you make some room for me, please?你能否為我騰出一點(diǎn)地方來(lái)?(2)may/might的用法 may/might的各種形式如下表所示:①表示許可 may和might表示“許可”比can和could更正式。might含有試探和猶豫不決的意思。表示給予許可時(shí)用may不用might;may not用來(lái)表示拒絕或禁止。, please?我可以和你的經(jīng)理談一談嗎?I think you may drive my car, but be careful.我想你可以開(kāi)我的車,不過(guò)得小心。Students may not stay out after midnight.學(xué)生不準(zhǔn)午夜后在外逗留。注意: might一般不表示過(guò)去,但是在間接引語(yǔ)中可作may的過(guò)去式,轉(zhuǎn)述已經(jīng)給予的許可。在引出間接引語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式之后,may改為might。 said that I might play football before supper.爸爸說(shuō)我可以在晚飯前踢足球。He explained that he might be late due to the traffic.他解釋說(shuō)由于交通他可能會(huì)來(lái)晚。②表示可能性 may和might常用來(lái)表示將要發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生的可能性。might不是may的過(guò)去式,它所表示的可能性比may所表示的可能性(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的可能性)小一些。may不用于提問(wèn)是否可能的疑問(wèn)句。 may go camping this Saturday.本周六我們可以去露營(yíng)。Peter might phone. If he does, could you ask him to ring later?彼得或許會(huì)打電話。如果他打電話的話,能否告訴他晚些時(shí)候再打?may not與cannot/can’t的區(qū)別may not指“可能不”,而cannot指“不可能”。 may e or may not e. I’m not too sure about that.他可能來(lái),也可能不來(lái)。我拿不準(zhǔn)。He can’t believe your socalled excuses.他不可能相信你的所謂的理由。③may表示祝愿 you all succeed in whatever you do!祝你諸事成功!May you have a good time flying over the Pacific to Australia!祝你飛越太平洋到達(dá)澳大利亞的旅途快樂(lè)。(3)must,have to的用法 must的否定形式為must not,其縮略形式為mustn’t[5mQsnt]。have to的各種形式如下:①表示義務(wù)A.兩者都表示義務(wù),但意思不盡相同。must多表示依談后人或聽(tīng)話人而定的義務(wù),即主觀的,have to多表示來(lái)自“外界”壓力的義務(wù),即客觀的。’m afraid I must look back upon the way I’ve just been on.恐怕我得回顧一下我剛剛走過(guò)的路。The children have to get up early to catch the first