【正文】 h means “the municative functions of translating”.1. If a close, formal translation is likely to result in a misunderstanding of the designative meaning. Some changes should be imported into the version of the translation or the literary translation may be reserved and a foot notation explaining the possible misreading must be appended.2. If a close, formal translation makes no sense, . is totally obscure in designative meaning. Some changes should be imported into the version only when the source version is deliberately obscure. In this case, this kind of obscurity is supposed to be reserved and a foot notation explaining the nature of the obscurity must be very helpful and on most occasions fully reasonable.3. If a close, formal translation is so semantically and syntactically difficult that the average person for whom the translation is being made is very likely to give up trying to understand it。 but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, e best from those that are learned. (Bacon 257). 練達(dá)之士雖能分別處理細(xì)事或一一判別枝節(jié)，然縱觀統(tǒng)籌，全局策劃，則舍好學(xué)深思者莫屬。 and at the close of the weary day there is the hearty meal… (Maugham 253) 但最終險(xiǎn)灘必將通過(guò)，在精疲力竭的一天結(jié)束時(shí)可以痛快地吃上一頓飽飯… This article is written by William S Maugham, drew a picture of boat trackers’ song when they were working. The version interpreted by Chen Bowen not only expressed the scene of the original, but express the passion and miseration of the author with boat trackers. Such as the phrases “the weary day”, which can also be understood of “疲憊，令人厭煩的一天” and the word “hearty” of “健壯的，精神飽滿的”. In that case, the emotion of the author will not be emerged. Only when a translator is correct in deciding the conceptual meaning in the context, can he catch the accurate meaning and thus getting equivalence in translation.2. Functional equivalence in associative meaningAccording to Nida, it is the associative meanings that are specially handicap for translators, since they are inclined to be tender and deep. A successful translation wants an abundant rendition of associative meaning to give voice to the message of the original text.Example 3 Ed asked numerous questions night after night in the candle light, painstakingly writing out the longhand chairman Mao’s brilliant delineation of the goals and aspirations of the Chinese people. 一夜一夜，在燭光下，埃德加提出許許多多的問(wèn)題，又不辭辛苦，把毛主席栩栩如生描繪的中國(guó)人民的奮斗目標(biāo)和遠(yuǎn)大前景，詳詳細(xì)細(xì)，一筆一畫(huà)記錄下來(lái)(15)。English tend to show declaration earlier than the relevant information, while Chinese is the other way round. The translator has a good consciousness about the typical Chinese sentence structure. He transforms the original nouns or nominal phrases into Chinese verbs, such as “memories”, “in regrets for” and “in sadness”, which gives the reader a close natural equivalence of the original text, very excellent Chinese without the trace of artificialness. Though he breaks the formal equivalence, he succeeds in gaining a better translation version.Example5. Ask yourselves how this gracious reception ports with those warlike preparations which cover our waters and our land. 你們?cè)诮邮芪覀冋?qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)時(shí)彬彬有禮，而你們種種備戰(zhàn)卻搞得我國(guó)領(lǐng)海上空戰(zhàn)云密布，我國(guó)河山黯然失色，請(qǐng)諸位捫心自問(wèn)，這兩者如何統(tǒng)一(31)？The translator firstly shows the fact according with Chinese topicoriented specialty, and then point out the key to the question, which is clear and logical. In this case, the author’s intention of anger can be visualized through the rearrangement of the word order, though the formal features of English are altered to some extent, the emphasis is regenerated more famous.On account of the customary usage and fixed semantic relations in the two languages, some adjustments should be necessary to avoid misunderstanding or obscurity. Actually, after adjustments the formal equivalence is lost but the message of the original text is guaranteed as much as possible and meanwhile the response of the reader evoked by the translated version is taken into consideration. In a word, a better translation is born as functional equivalence is applied. The maintenance of functional equivalence can check the validity of the translation version.C. Functional Equivalence in textsThough the functional equivalence in the level of words and sentence has been discussed, there is no way to ignore the discussion of functional equivalence in the level of text. From what Neubert said: “translation is a textual process in which linguistic form and process are incorporated. Texts are the building blocks of munication in general and of translation in particular (10).” It is known to all that te