【正文】
w millennium (a period of 1,000 years).英國電信的未來學(xué)家Ian Pearson認(rèn)為,這些成就預(yù)計(jì)將出現(xiàn)在新千年頭幾十年之中。大會準(zhǔn)備工作正在緊張有序地進(jìn)行。The (issue of) unemployment has always been the centre/focus of our work.三、漢語四字格的使用 只針對英譯漢1. Even the most beautiful became bent and toothless, their dark clothes smelling, as the mamma’s did, of smoke and 、皓齒盡落,一身皂衣,如同奶媽的衣服一樣,全是煙味,臭氣熏人。3. Drew Pearson, a thirtyfouryearold reporter, described them as “ragged, weary, and apathetic,” with “no hope on their faces.”Drew Pearson,一位34歲的記者,表述他們時(shí)說,他們衣衫襤縷,疲憊不堪、冷漠無情,一臉絕望。5. a world of difference, take a risk in desperation, await with great anxiety, decline with all sorts of excuses天壤之別、鋌而走險(xiǎn)(孤注一擲)、翹首以待(望穿秋水)、百般推辭四、詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換 (一) 一般情況下:漢語動詞用的多,英語名詞用的多,漢譯英,動詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞;英譯漢,名詞轉(zhuǎn)動詞1. 絕對不允許違反這個(gè)原則。Adherence to the “OneChina” policy should serve as the basis and prerequisite for peaceful reunification. 3. Everyone was away on 。5. I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.我非常感謝我的父親,因?yàn)樵谖疫€是小孩子的時(shí)候,他就不停的鼓勵(lì)我。5. If any mater should be added after this contract es into force, then such a matter shall be agreed upon by both sides through friendly consultations and confirmed by means of exchanging official documents.本合同生效后如有未盡事宜,須經(jīng)雙方友好協(xié)商同意,并交換正式文本以確認(rèn)注意:表達(dá)法的正反轉(zhuǎn)換要根據(jù)具體情況,主要出于兩點(diǎn): 表達(dá)習(xí)慣;語氣的緩和與加強(qiáng)六、直譯與意譯盡量用直譯;兩種情況下不能用直譯:比喻在一種語言中可以接受,而在另一種語言中不能接受 特別具有豐富文化內(nèi)涵的詞第一種情況的例子drink like a fish形容一個(gè)人喝水又多又急,中文形容“牛飲”turn swords into ploughs 化干戈為玉帛pull the chestnut out of the fire 火中取栗天下沒有不散的筵席No feast lasts forever.The best of friends must part. 五十步笑百步The pot calls the kettle black.The soldier who retreated fifty paces laughed at the one who had fallen back a hundred paces.第二種情況的例子You are a clever dog. 你真聰明(狗在漢語中有貶義)Every dog has his day. 三十年河?xùn)|、三十年河西;凡人皆有得意時(shí)In a word, those nonverbal messages speak to hearts, not heads.總而言之,這些非語言信息是訴之于情感、而非理智。室內(nèi)設(shè)備齊全。這女孩的熱情、大膽和奔向革命的赤誠深深感動了他。她二話沒說,立刻向經(jīng)理辭了職。The undergraduate program is either four years or five years. After passing the graduation examinations and defending successfully their graduation theses, the students will be conferred a bachelor’s degree. (conferred表示授予,漢語常用獲得)注意:Bachelor’s degree 學(xué)士學(xué)位 BA(Bachelor of Arts) 文科學(xué)士 BS (Bachelor of Sciences) 理科學(xué)士 Master ’s degree 碩士學(xué)位 Doctor’s degree 博士學(xué)位 Associate Bachelor’s degree ??茖W(xué)位 Assistant professor 助理教授,不是助教之意 Teaching assistant 助教深圳作為全國最早的特區(qū),與內(nèi)地經(jīng)濟(jì)往來極為密切,特別是在香港回歸祖國以后,人員往來大為增加,深圳機(jī)場是全國十大機(jī)場之一。Trojan horse 特洛伊木馬 表示從內(nèi)部起爆 sour grapes 酸葡萄 表示得不到東西的心理Sphinx’s riddle 斯芬克斯之謎,表示難解之謎a Judas kiss 猶大之吻,表示叛變、背叛(三)直譯套譯均可鑒于有些成語有對應(yīng)的,但有些人喜歡把意思直接譯出來to kill two birds with one stone 一石兩鳥/一箭雙雕crocodile tears鱷魚之淚/黃鼠狼給雞拜年聲東擊西 to shout in the east and strike in the west/to look one way and row another掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm/ the apple of one’s eye對牛彈琴 play a lute to the cow/ cast the pearls before swine(四)意譯有些比喻和文化內(nèi)涵不能另一種語言作接受in a pig’s whisper 低聲的 make a monkey of somebody 嘲弄某人the skeleton at the feast令人掃興的人 a family skeleton 家丑葉公好龍 professed love of what one really fears毛遂自薦 volunteer one’s service 初出茅廬 at the start of one’s career(五)特別容易弄錯(cuò)的成語pull somebody’s leg 嘲弄某人 eat one’s words 認(rèn)錯(cuò),特別承認(rèn)自己說錯(cuò)話dogeatdog 殘酷的,特別表示競爭 in the seventh heaven 極為開心背景知識: 上帝并非只有耶穌基督一個(gè)兒子,二兒子是洪秀全耶穌基督的出生是因?yàn)樯系坌枰运乃磊H去全人類的原罪耶穌基督是處女生的,第一個(gè)血液純潔的人(英文名麥當(dāng)娜表示純潔)蘇菲的世界,Sophia表示知識,philosophy表示“愛知識”goose flesh 雞皮疙瘩 goose step 正步 goose berry 電燈泡(情侶幽會時(shí)的第三者)九、英語從句的漢譯與句序的調(diào)整英語翻譯第一步要保證大的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整好,句序結(jié)構(gòu)是基礎(chǔ)。A shining pearl on the coast of South China, Macao attracts the world’s attention for her charm, history of great events and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999.South China Sea 表示中國南海,不是“南中國?!? East China Sea 東海(2)、This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.(橫線表示狀語)通過支持某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無關(guān)、但是在將來可能很重要的研究,一般情況下似乎可以有效的做到這一點(diǎn)。說明:underprivileged字面意思表示特權(quán)不足的(委婉語),翻譯時(shí)an underprivileged youngster與he位置調(diào)換,英語提到人名出現(xiàn)在句子主干中,而漢語則出現(xiàn)在第一次提到的地方。gross形容不好的意思,表示昭然若揭,非常明顯的小貼士:翻譯時(shí)遇到不認(rèn)識的詞,怎么辦? 從詞性上說,只有名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四類不認(rèn)識 形容詞、副詞不認(rèn)識,建議省略,錯(cuò)譯原比漏譯扎眼 名詞、動詞不認(rèn)識,則難以處理 關(guān)于單詞的見解 單詞主要記general word,中高級口譯不會考過于專業(yè)的東西,主要考常識性內(nèi)容,不建議背專項(xiàng)單詞。(1)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 兩個(gè)從句:which和that引導(dǎo)譯文:社會科學(xué)是知識探索一個(gè)分支,它力求用理智的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的、冷靜的方法研究人類和他們的種種行為,這種方式正是自然科學(xué)家用來研究自然現(xiàn)象的?!懊~+介詞+名詞+定語從句”:定語從句99%用來修飾第一個(gè)名詞”注意:定語從句的翻譯方法(1)合譯:把定