【正文】
質(zhì)量問題及時(shí)給車間主任和技術(shù)人員。對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)的PVC片材擠出車間:(1) 擠出生產(chǎn)線2套,混合機(jī)2臺(tái),粉碎機(jī)1臺(tái)。(3) 直接生產(chǎn)人員:按每套擠出設(shè)備1計(jì),其它每臺(tái)設(shè)備1人計(jì),共需22人,另外備料4人。(5) 實(shí)際車間從人數(shù):假定出勤率為96%,車間應(yīng)有人數(shù):36/96%=38(人),所以車間管理及生產(chǎn)人員確定為38人。其它部門主要有總經(jīng)辦、業(yè)務(wù)部、財(cái)務(wù)部、研發(fā)部、采購部、物控部、人事部。(2) 業(yè)務(wù)部:工廠生產(chǎn)的成品要賣出去,他們要聯(lián)系客人買,中間要有報(bào)價(jià),還價(jià),到客人下訂單,跟蹤產(chǎn)品到安排出貨。(3) 財(cái)務(wù)部:對(duì)進(jìn)入每一批資金進(jìn)行安排,即在利用的每一筆資金,是公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的核心部門。(4) 研發(fā)部:開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品,給客人更多選擇。(5) 采購部:采購原料,即是配方中需要的原料,還有需要的各種東西。(6) 物控部:控制物料,根據(jù)倉庫的庫存量做每批訂單的物料需求,因?yàn)槌善芬卸喾N材料組合加工而成。(7) 人事部:對(duì)公司需求的人員進(jìn)行招工,而且負(fù)責(zé)員工的出勤和就寢情況。(8) 生產(chǎn)部:主管產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和倉庫保管,以及制品的檢測。第8章 工程經(jīng)濟(jì)概算 編制概算的意義一個(gè)車間的好壞,除了主要判斷生產(chǎn)技術(shù)上是否先進(jìn)外,還必須判斷經(jīng)濟(jì)上是否合理。國家計(jì)委建設(shè)部、財(cái)政部明文規(guī)定,把概算作為基本建設(shè)項(xiàng)目投資額、編制基本項(xiàng)目投資計(jì)劃,實(shí)行進(jìn)本建設(shè)大包干,控制進(jìn)本建設(shè)撥款和施工圖預(yù)算,考核設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性和建設(shè)成本的依據(jù)。 批準(zhǔn)的概算是國家控制基建項(xiàng)目投資、編制基建計(jì)劃和考核建設(shè)成本,控制施工預(yù)算的依據(jù)。 總概算批準(zhǔn)后不得任意突破,如有突破需按有關(guān)檔審批。 逐步做到設(shè)計(jì)人員編制單位原工程概算,概算專業(yè)人員負(fù)責(zé)提供編制概算的基本資料,匯編綜合概算和總概算,做好投資分析。 設(shè)備購置費(fèi) 設(shè)備購置費(fèi)是指一切需要安裝與不需要安裝的工藝設(shè)備購置費(fèi)用。 設(shè)備購置費(fèi)用=設(shè)備原價(jià)+設(shè)備運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用 設(shè)備原價(jià)(1) 定型設(shè)備按國家規(guī)定的現(xiàn)行產(chǎn)品出廠價(jià)格。只能按各主管部門的定價(jià)辦法計(jì)算。 設(shè)備運(yùn)雜費(fèi) 設(shè)備運(yùn)雜費(fèi)是指設(shè)備由制造廠運(yùn)至施工工地倉庫所需要的費(fèi)用,稱運(yùn)雜費(fèi)。 設(shè)備安裝費(fèi)設(shè)備安裝費(fèi)包括各種需要安裝機(jī)器設(shè)備的裝配、裝置工程,與設(shè)備相連的工作臺(tái)表81 運(yùn)雜費(fèi)率地區(qū)運(yùn)雜費(fèi)率說明遼寧、吉林、上海4對(duì)于交通不便的山區(qū)建設(shè)工程可根據(jù)具體情況適當(dāng)提高運(yùn)雜費(fèi)河北、北京、天津、江蘇、浙江山東、山西、安徽、湖北5河南、陜西、江西、黑龍江湖南四川、福建、廣東7甘肅、內(nèi)蒙古、寧夏、廣西青海、貴州機(jī)器備件費(fèi)用這是指備用易損部件的費(fèi)用,國內(nèi)較多,為簡化起見,可按設(shè)備備件費(fèi)用。%~1%來計(jì)算。實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器費(fèi)用按儀器清單逐項(xiàng)查閱儀器價(jià)格,匯總后再加運(yùn)雜費(fèi),即得出實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器費(fèi)用,這部分內(nèi)容要逐項(xiàng)填寫在設(shè)備及安裝工程概算表內(nèi)。綜合概算表在上述各項(xiàng)計(jì)算完之后,還要將各項(xiàng)數(shù)值最后填寫在綜合概算表內(nèi),這樣工藝部分的概算表編制內(nèi)容即告結(jié)束。 概算修正許可框算的項(xiàng)目為了簡化工作,在本階段有些項(xiàng)目同概算一樣,仍可套用經(jīng)驗(yàn)資料,主要有機(jī)器備件費(fèi)用和生產(chǎn)工具費(fèi)用兩項(xiàng)。(2) 工人工資工人工資=38150012+獎(jiǎng)金=(3) 水電費(fèi)水電費(fèi)=6t243002元+2196163kwh1元/kwh=(4) 車間經(jīng)費(fèi) 見表84表84 車間經(jīng)費(fèi) 項(xiàng)目計(jì)算方法金額/萬元項(xiàng)目計(jì)算方法金額/萬元折舊費(fèi)按十五年算約48車間管理費(fèi)21大修費(fèi)設(shè)備費(fèi)的5%合計(jì)(5) 車間成本費(fèi)車間成本費(fèi)=原料費(fèi)+水電費(fèi)+工人工資+車間經(jīng)費(fèi)=(6) 副產(chǎn)品回收100萬(7) 車間凈成本 車間凈成本=車間成本費(fèi)副產(chǎn)品回收=(8) 企業(yè)管理費(fèi) 企業(yè)管理費(fèi)=車間凈成本6%=6%=(9) 工廠總成本 工廠總成本=車間凈成本+企業(yè)管理費(fèi)=(10) 銷售費(fèi)用%,%=(11) 銷售成本銷售成本=工廠總成本+銷售費(fèi)用=+100= 經(jīng)濟(jì)分析(1)銷售收入估算本產(chǎn)品銷售價(jià):25000元/t 投產(chǎn)后負(fù)荷100%產(chǎn)品年收入: 300025000元=7500萬元 (2)稅金與利潤計(jì)算A、稅金a、產(chǎn)品稅率為10%;%;%。53 總 結(jié)此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)從老師幫助選材到現(xiàn)在將近兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間。不知不覺也完成了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)!然而,畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)束也代表著大學(xué)生活的結(jié)束。剛接到設(shè)計(jì)要求時(shí)腦子里一片空白,沒有一點(diǎn)思路,不知道從何下手。當(dāng)遇到頭疼的問題時(shí),別的同學(xué)又都無暇顧及我,有時(shí)真的是無奈無助,但是我在這種情況下也學(xué)會(huì)了找人幫忙的樂趣,同時(shí)也學(xué)會(huì)了認(rèn)真聽取別人意見,也讓我擁有了一顆感恩的心。在這次設(shè)計(jì)中把三年來所學(xué)知識(shí)都有所回顧,也讓我對(duì)自己對(duì)所學(xué)只是有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)合理解。我會(huì)把我在學(xué)校里學(xué)到的知識(shí)充分的運(yùn)用到生活之中,我相信好運(yùn)隨我而來!致 謝參考文獻(xiàn)[1] :中國輕工業(yè)出版,2000 [2] :化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, [3] :機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, P1845.[4] 張玉龍,:國防工業(yè)出版社, [5] :化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, [6] 周達(dá)飛 北京:中國輕工業(yè)出版社, [7] 劉瑞霞主編 塑料擠出成型 北京:[8] 盧壽慈 :中國輕工業(yè)出版社,1999 [9] 傅旭 編著 樹脂與塑料 北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2005.[10] :化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, [11] 丁浩 塑料工業(yè)實(shí)用手冊 北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,1998 [12] 田雁晨 王文廣 塑料配方大全 北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 1987 [13] 王善勤 塑料擠出制品生產(chǎn)工藝手冊 北京:中國輕工業(yè)出版社 2001 [14] 鄒國明主編,李光副主編 高分子材料加工工藝學(xué) 北京:中國紡織出版社, 1982 外文資料翻譯Investigation of defects in polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxanes based organic light emitting diodesABSTRACTWe have investigated novel poly(pphenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivative based organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). We have used poly(2,3diphenyl1,4phenylenevinylene) (DPPPV) as an emitter in which an inorganic core of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) have been incorporated. The hybrid structure obtained shows an improvement on the stability and an enhancement of electroluminescence properties. Chargebased deep level transient spectroscopy (QDLTS) has been used to study the defect states in indiumtinoxide (ITO)/polyethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/POSSDPPPV/CaAl light emitting devices. Analysis of the QDLTS spectra obtained in devices, reveal at least six trap levels. The mean activation energies of traps are distributed in the range – within the band gap of the hybrid polymer and capture cross sections are of the order of trap densities are in the range of 1010cm. Although the origin of these traps remains not clearly established, we suggest that the trap states with a large capture crosssection would likely to be originated from the inorganic part of hybrid material while those with lower capture crosssection would be related to its organic part. 1 IntroductionConjugated polymers have been extensively studied for their applications in electroluminescence devices since the first report on poly(pphenylene vinylene) (PPV)based lightemitting diodes [1]. During the last decade, PPV and its derivatives have been the most studied conjugated polymers for applications in displays. With these derivatives, enhancement of light emission efficiency and tuning of the colour have been achieved [1]. Among the PPV derivatives, we have been interested in poly(2,3diphenylphenylene vinylene) (DPPPV) which shows blue and high photoluminescence (PL) efficiency as pared to PPV [2]. However, for industrial applications, the device performance using these derivatives is considered as limited because of their lack of stability. In order to improve the stability of emitting materials, the use of hybrid structures having an inorganic core for better mechanical properties and stability and an organic matrix for good optical and electrical properties is promising. The polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) of general formula (RSiO/ 2)n where R is an organic group, have been utilized as emitter in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), which showed an improvement of the stability and even an enhancement of electroluminescence properties[3]. The mechanisms of degradation in organic devices are not yet well understood but defects are supposed to play a key role in the optical and electrical properties of devices [4]. Information on defects are also important for improving the stability of these materials. Different techniques such as analysis of current–voltage(I–V) characteristics [5], impedance spectroscopy [6], thermally stimulated currents [7], or deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) [8] have been used to determine the trap parameters in organic materials.In this study, we have studied light emitting diodes using a hybrid emitting material posed of poly(2,3diphenyl1,4phenylenevinylene) (DPPPV)