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10:R49 Comparison of CPAP and BiPAP 2022/6/23 27 3CPO trial (Three Interventions in Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema) Inclusion criteria: age16 years, Pulmonary edema shown by Chest radiograph, RR20 breaths/min, pH Exclusion criteria: primary PTCA, inability to give consent, or previous recruitment into the trial N Engl J Med. 2022。359:14251. Conclusions: In patients with ACPE, NIV induces a more rapid improvement in respiratory distress and metabolic disturbance than does standard oxygen therapy , but has no effect on shortterm mortality. ? NIV refers to all modalities that assist ventilation without the use of an endotracheal tube but rather with a sealed facemask. ? NIV with positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) should be considered as early as possible in every patient with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and hypertensive AHF as it improves clinical parameters including respiratory distress ? NIV with PEEP improves LV function by reducing LV afterload ? NIV should be used with caution in cardiogenic shock and right ventricular failure 2022/6/23 29 NIV in ACPE (ESC Guideline for Heart failure 2022) European Heart Journal. 2022。367:11551163 Crit Care 。 32(2): 8698 32 患者,女, 22歲,確診為 II型新月體腎小球腎炎,急性腎功能衰竭,于 2022年 4月開始口服甲強(qiáng)龍 40mg/日,驍悉 1500mg/日 , 2022年 9月患者出現(xiàn)高熱、進(jìn)行性呼吸困難,收住我科,入院時(shí)查氧合指數(shù): 134 33 一個(gè)月后 2022/6/23 34 Immunosuppressed diseases ? 近年來國外對免疫抑制合并低氧血癥患者(臟器移植和造血干細(xì)胞移植)應(yīng)用 NIPPV治療取得了較為理想的療效 ? 現(xiàn)有的前瞻隨機(jī)對照研究結(jié)果提示與常規(guī)治療比較 NIPPV可有效降低免疫抑制合并低氧血癥患者的病死率、氣管插管率和 ICU住院時(shí)間,具有良好的應(yīng)用前景 Eur Respir J. 2022。 32:361–370 2022/6/23 35 Immunosuppressed diseases 。283:235241 Noninvasive ventilation for treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients undergoing solid an transplantation: a randomized trial 2022/6/23 37 NIV vs. standard methods for immunosuppressed patients p= 467701020304050607080N I V S t a n d a r dIntubation rates (%) N Engl J Med. 2022。344:481487 Immunosuppressed diseases 2022/6/23 39 . Intensive Care Med. 2022。 25:567–573 Crit Care 。 32(2): 8698 Immunosuppressed diseases 2022/6/23 42 合并高碳酸血癥的 呼吸衰竭 2022/6/23 43 AECOPD ? 對 AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭和康復(fù)期對部分中重度 COPD患者有效的呼吸支持治療是及時(shí)挽救患者生命、提高患者生活質(zhì)量的最主要手段 ? 自 20世紀(jì) 90年代初 NIPPV應(yīng)用于臨床治療 COPD以來,已有大量的臨床研究證實(shí) NIPPV對 AECOPD的確切療效,與傳統(tǒng)的治療措施比較, NIPPV可以有效降低病死率、減少氣管插管率( Grade A) GOLD 2022 2022/6/23 44 AECOPD (cont) p= 4 . 7 %1 5 . 2 %05101520N I P P V C o n t r o lChin Med J. 2022。118:203440. Invasive ventilation rate (%) Intubation rate – Early use NIPPV vs. Control 2022/6/23 45 AECOPD (cont) MINERVA ANESTESIOL 2022。 [推薦級別: A級 ] ? 對于病情較輕(動(dòng)脈血 pH> , PaCO2> 45mmHg)的 AECOPD患者宜早期應(yīng)用 NPPV。 [推薦級別: A級 ] ? 對于出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重呼吸性酸中毒( pH< )的 AECOPD患者,在嚴(yán)密觀察的前提下可短時(shí)間( 12h)試用 NPPV。 [推薦級別: D 級 ] 2022/6/23 47 AECOPD (cont) ? COPD患者長期處于呼吸肌疲勞和慢性營養(yǎng)不良狀態(tài), IMV治療若不能及時(shí)拔管有可能繼發(fā)呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)肺炎( VAP)而致使病情而化、導(dǎo)致脫機(jī)困難甚至造成呼吸機(jī)依賴,在此情況下采取有創(chuàng)無創(chuàng)序貫機(jī)械通氣治療具有積極的意義 ? 國外多根據(jù)呼吸生理參數(shù)選擇拔管時(shí)機(jī),而國內(nèi)王辰等提出肺部感染窗概念( PIC),即患者病情有所好轉(zhuǎn)、呼吸道感染得到有效控制而在 VAP出現(xiàn)以前(一般在氣管插管后 46天)及時(shí)拔管采用 NIPPV治療以進(jìn)一步緩解呼吸肌疲勞,臨床應(yīng)用證明可操作性更強(qiáng) 2022/6/23 48 AECOPD