【正文】 e negotiating bank.) 2022/6/3 Further Operation of an L/C Further Operation of an L/C ?6. After making payment, the negotiating bank send the shipping documents to the issuing bank and at the same time asks for the reimbursement (付還 ) of the money it has paid to the seller as proceeds. 2022/6/3 Further Operation of an L/C ?7. The buyer reimburses the payment by the issuing bank and gets from it the shipping documents. ?8. The buyer finally takes delivery with the shipping documents. 2022/6/3 ? If the importers wish to guarantee payment of the L/C, they will ask their banker to issue an irrevocable （不可撤銷的） one. An irrevocable L/C is one which the issuing bank can not revoke without consent from the exporter. This means the credit cannot be exchanged without the exporters’ and bankers’ agreement. irrevocable L/C 2022/6/3 Documentary Letter of Credit the beneficiary should attach all shipping documents required. 2022/6/3 Documentary Letter of Credit ?If, in addition, the importers want the advising bank in the sellers’ country to guarantee the L/C, they will request confirmation by the advising bank. The L/C then bees a confirmed irrevocable L/C (保兌的不可撤消的信用證 ). 2022/6/3 Confriming bank (保兌銀行 ) ? When an L/C is confirmed by another bank in addition to the issuing bank, both the two banks are responsible for the payment to the beneficiary. This doublegurantee L/C is the safest protection of the exporter’s interest. In usual practice the confirming bank is th advising bank or a bank with very high reputation. 2022/6/3 Documentary Letter of Credit ?Use of documentary credits is subject to Uniform Customs and Practice (UCP) for documentary credits (跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例 ), brochure of the .（ International Chamber of Commerce 國(guó)際商會(huì) . Most banks worldwide adhere to these rules. 2022/6/3 All letters of credit contain these elements: ? a payment undertaking given by a bank (issuing bank) ? on behalf of a buyer (applicant) ? to pay a seller (beneficiary) a given amount of money ? on presentation of specified documents representing the supply of goods ? within specified time limits ? these documents conforming to terms and conditions set out in the letter of credit ? documents to be presented at a specified place 2022/6/3 Sample Letter of Credit 2022/6/3 Buyer’s obligation ?When a transaction is concluded, the buyer as a rule is under obligation to establish / open (開立 ) a letter of credit whit his bank within the time stipulated in the sales contract or sales confirmation. 2022/6/3 Buyer’s obligation ?It is the usual practice in our export trade that the letter of credit is to be established and to reach the seller one month prior to the date of shipment to give the seller ample time to make preparations for shipment, such as making the goods ready and booking shipping space. 2022/6/3 The need to urge establishment of L/C ? If the buyer fails to establish the letter of credit, or the letter of credit does not reach the seller in time, a letter or a fax, has to be sent to the buyer to urge them to expedite the L/C or to ascertain its whereabouts. Messages urging establishment of letter of credit must be written with tact. Their aim is to persuade the buyer to cooperate more closely and in fact to fulfill his obligations 2022/6/3 Difficult Words ?expedite: to speed up the progress of加速 . The builders promised to expedite the 。 ?ascertain: to discover with certainty, as through examination or experimentation. 查明，弄清 ： . We must ascertain the usual customs of the local people and arrange ,作出相應(yīng)安排。 2022/6/3 Patterns and Substitutions ?2. The goods under S/C No. 3697 have been ready for quite some time. Please have the Letter of Credit opened with the least possible delay. 第 3697號(hào)合同項(xiàng)下的貨物早已備妥，請(qǐng)盡快開立信用證。 2022/6/3 Patterns and Substitutions ?4. Please do your utmost to expedite the establishment of the L/C so that we may execute the order within the prescribed time. 請(qǐng)盡快開出信用證以便我們能在規(guī)定的期間內(nèi)執(zhí)行訂單。請(qǐng)盡快開立上述信用證。 2022/6/3 Patterns and Substitutions ?7. In order to avoid subsequent amendments, please see to it / note that the L/C stipulations are in exact accordance with the terms of the contract. 為了避免隨后的修改，請(qǐng)注意信用證的規(guī)定要完全符合合同條款。 2022/6/3 Practice ?2,000 sets of sewing machines under Contract No. 123 have already been ready for shipment, but you have not received the covering