【正文】 ，供應(yīng)商根據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù)決定未來的貨物需求數(shù)量、庫存水平和補給策略，擁有庫存控制權(quán)。 2 EDI/intei ： EDI 是一種在處理商業(yè)或行政事務(wù)時，按照一個公認的標準，形成結(jié)構(gòu)化的事務(wù)處理或信息數(shù)據(jù)格式，完成計算機到計算機的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)姆绞健? 第九章 ６４． 營銷管理系統(tǒng)：營銷情報、營銷策劃、營銷組織、營銷控制 ６５． 傳統(tǒng)的營銷管理流：（１）分析市場機會 ，獲取營銷情報（２）選擇 目標市場 營銷策劃 （３）擬定市場營銷組合 – 營銷組織 ６６． 供應(yīng)鏈管理對傳統(tǒng)營銷管理的影響：（ 1）改變傳統(tǒng)價值標準，樹立新的價值觀念 （ 2）重視作為營銷競爭主要手段的物流服（３）加強員工培訓，實現(xiàn)營銷目標 （ 4）借助電子商務(wù)平臺提高顧客服務(wù)質(zhì)量 ７１供應(yīng)鏈環(huán)境下營銷管理的關(guān)鍵作業(yè)： 1 營銷戰(zhàn)略的制定：以高檔市場為目標，以價值市場。 2 供應(yīng)鏈營銷模式：推測型營銷模式，實時型。 ７２供應(yīng)鏈環(huán)境下營銷管理的特征： 1樹立更全面的成本觀念 2充分利用現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)、共享信息 3 通 過良好的物流管理、提升客戶服務(wù)水平 4加強企業(yè)間合作，實施更深入的整合營銷 ７３ 供應(yīng)鏈環(huán)境下營銷管理的內(nèi)容： 1構(gòu)建電子化的供應(yīng)鏈營銷管理體系，實施快速反映戰(zhàn)略 2優(yōu)化物流策略組合，加強物流管理對營銷活動的支持作用 3全面建立新型客戶關(guān)系管理 ７４ .客戶關(guān)系管理的核心思想： 1客戶制企業(yè)發(fā)展最重要的資源之一 2對企業(yè)與客戶發(fā)生的各種關(guān)系進行全面管理3進一步延伸企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈管理 第十章 ７５ .績效有三個顯著的特征，即：多因性、多維性和動態(tài)性。（ 2）多層次、多渠道和全方位評價的原則。（ 4）靜態(tài)評價與動態(tài)評價相結(jié)合的原則。 第十一章 １供應(yīng)鏈信息構(gòu)成：（１）從供應(yīng)鏈環(huán)節(jié)角度：供應(yīng)源（供應(yīng)商）信息，生產(chǎn)信息， 配送和零售信息，需求信息。 （ 2）信息必須能及時獲取 — 信息的時效性 （ 3）信息必須恰好是必須的 — 信息的有效性 ３企業(yè)管理的三個層次：決策層，管理層，操作層（信息形成環(huán)境） ４供應(yīng)鏈的信息特點： （ 1）顯式和隱式的關(guān)系，其特點為：在操作層，物流是顯式的（后臺是信息）；在管理層，物流是隱式的而信息流則是顯式的（后臺是物流）。 （ 2）信息的全息性 生產(chǎn)、物流、營銷過程的透明性，采用信息技術(shù)前后， 信息流的特點是不一樣的。因此，企業(yè)決策層僅了解結(jié)果，而不了解過程（ 3）供應(yīng)鏈環(huán)境下信息的特點 — 不是沿遞階結(jié)構(gòu)傳遞，而是沿網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)傳遞 ５供應(yīng)鏈管理中信息流的控制模式：分散控制、集中控制（所有的信息在傳遞過程中必須經(jīng)過中央數(shù)據(jù)庫（將來由云計算替代））和綜合協(xié)調(diào)控制三種。 第二階段 ： 采用電子數(shù)據(jù)交換 EDI技術(shù)、制造資源計劃 MRPII技術(shù)和 C/S（ Client/Service） 模式的供應(yīng)鏈信息化管理 。 ８ＥＤＩ定義： EDI 是供應(yīng)鏈管理的主要信息手段之一。 ９ CAD/CAE/CAM、 EFT和多媒體的應(yīng)用可以縮短訂單流的提前期。真正的電子商務(wù)更重要的是包括后臺在內(nèi)的整個運作體系的全面信息化，以及企業(yè)整體運營流程的優(yōu)化和重組。 ECR是一種有效的減少發(fā)票的技術(shù)手段； (3)、非技術(shù)型企業(yè)的電子商務(wù)： Email。電子市場營銷（電子廣告）。用戶網(wǎng)上采購。、 14相應(yīng)的供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)同運作模式形成兩大類：專有模式和開放模式 Basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an American invention. From high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Women39。s games measures in (7576 cm) in circumference, and a women39。s bounce. Inside the covering or casing, a rubber bladder holds air. The ball must be inflated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of the ball) of 4954 in ( m) when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft ( m) measured from the bottom of the ball. The factory must test the balls, and the air pressure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. During the intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere mands considerable attention. Basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. On December 1, 1891, in Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith hung two halfbushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and outlined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Men39。s five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players。 smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMCA lost interest in supporting the game because 1020 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in the United States, five of Naismith39。 England in 1894。 and Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. The first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948。s basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem AbdulJabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The women39。s game. Television interest followed the women as well with broadcast of NCAA championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the WNBA in 1997. Internationally, Italy has probably bee the leading basketball nation outside of the United States, with national, corporate, and professional teams. The Olympics boosts basketball internationally and has also spurred the women39。s basketball league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a pergame basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the everchanging players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was anized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was anized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game。s professional leagu