【正文】 產(chǎn)的話，就沒人管，所以銀行的貸款質(zhì)量就沒有辦法得到保證，因此在這樣的經(jīng)營體制下，銀行為降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，必然會要求中小企業(yè)在提供了足夠的抵押物后才敢放款。一個銀行經(jīng)營的成本，有一半左右是勞動力成本，做中小企業(yè)特別是做小企業(yè)的勞動力成本非常高，無論是五百萬還是五千萬，是五個億還是五十個億的一筆貸款，它的工作量是相同的，但 是它所產(chǎn)生的效益是成百倍的不同。而自從 2020 年9 月 25 日，中小板市場華昌化工發(fā)行之后，證監(jiān)會便關(guān)閉了 IPO 大門， 近日才重啟新股發(fā)行。盡管符合創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市條件的中小企業(yè)不少，但真正能夠上市融資，對于很多企業(yè)來說，仍然是一種奢望。深圳擁有 3000 家創(chuàng)投公司，注冊資金達(dá) 6000 億，但沒有公司愿意投資給創(chuàng)業(yè)初期的企業(yè)。 三、中小企業(yè)融資難解決之道 ( 一 ) 從政府角度而言 政府應(yīng)該放松管制，降低市場準(zhǔn)入壁壘，讓更多的小銀行，以服務(wù)中小企業(yè)為戰(zhàn)略定位的那些小銀行能夠蓬蓬勃勃的發(fā)展起來。對現(xiàn)有五大國有銀行 , 應(yīng)鼓勵其大力發(fā)展自己有利于小企業(yè)融資的專門機(jī)構(gòu)，放松其下設(shè)分支機(jī)構(gòu)的審批環(huán)節(jié)，鼓勵它們在地、縣，甚至鄉(xiāng)，來提供更接近、更方便的金融服務(wù)。 4 2020 年開始，央行又著手建立中小企業(yè)信用體系，希望把征信體系覆蓋到 那些和金融機(jī)構(gòu)沒有信貸關(guān)系的中小企業(yè)。 3 、政府應(yīng)該多方面的對銀行進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償 , 目前各地出臺的利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償基金政策，僅僅是解決中小企業(yè)融資難的一種辦法，并不能從根本上解決。因此需要多方面的對銀行進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償。 國家可以幫助企業(yè)貼息，提高銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)收益 。 4 、政府應(yīng)該積極推進(jìn)多層次資本市場體系建設(shè) , 以更好的滿足包括中小企業(yè)在內(nèi)的各類企業(yè)的融資需求。因此中小企業(yè)群體的差異化決定了企業(yè)融資需求的多元化，那么滿足中小企業(yè)融資需求也需要形式多樣的資金 提供方式，比如銀行貸款、債券融資、股權(quán)融資等等。 09 年 10 月，創(chuàng)業(yè)板正式啟動。但對于更多中小企業(yè)而言還達(dá)不到上市的條件，解決這類企業(yè)股權(quán)融資、股份流轉(zhuǎn)需要一個有效的場外市場。此外政府應(yīng)大力推動債 券市場的發(fā)展，為中小企業(yè)債券融資提供更多的便利，在發(fā)達(dá)市場國家，債券融資是企業(yè)主要的融資方式，以美國為例， 2020 年，美國的公司債券發(fā)行額是同期股票發(fā)行額的 5 倍，與美國、歐洲等國家和地區(qū)相比，我國債券市場還有很大拓展的空間。目前銀行業(yè)正在通過組織架構(gòu)創(chuàng)新，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，擔(dān)保抵押創(chuàng)新，和產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新等 多種途徑改變中小企業(yè)融 5 資難的現(xiàn)狀。抵押品不足是中小企業(yè)最大軟肋 , 他們不可能買一堆房子然后準(zhǔn)備做擔(dān)保，這是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，對于高新企業(yè)而言核心的資產(chǎn)應(yīng)該是他們的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)， 專利權(quán)和一個在技術(shù)、在市場上創(chuàng)新的團(tuán)隊(duì)，是最重要的資產(chǎn)，可以使他們每年高速增長，但是資金就像血液一樣支撐其發(fā)展，這幾塊都需要資金，而抵押物不足，銀行不給放貸。 北京銀行新近推出知識產(chǎn)權(quán)作為質(zhì)押從銀行獲得貸款。大銀行做業(yè)務(wù)的時候，通常看資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表、損益表、現(xiàn)金流量表，中小企業(yè)有的連這三表都沒有，銀行信息成本很高，導(dǎo)致惜貸 , 浙江泰隆商業(yè)銀行進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新 , 他們就看水表、電表、海關(guān)報(bào)關(guān)表，大量降低成本，使得小額貸款還能夠有錢可賺。在對企業(yè)的信用評級方法里邊，對企業(yè)自身的信用評級權(quán)重只有 15％，更加關(guān)注交易對手和交易的真實(shí)性。 業(yè)務(wù)流程創(chuàng)新。銀行一方 面要降低門檻，另一方面必須簡化程序、減少環(huán)節(jié)，建立高效的審批機(jī)制 , 這樣才能適應(yīng)小企業(yè)對信貸資金短、平、快的要求。就是把銀行當(dāng)作工廠，中小企業(yè)是原材料，進(jìn)入流水線后經(jīng)過營銷、銷售、業(yè)務(wù)申報(bào)、審批、支用、客戶維護(hù)和貸后管理，獲得貸款。通過這樣的方式簡化審批的流程。 加強(qiáng)人員培訓(xùn)。 6 (三 ) 從企業(yè)角度而言 企業(yè)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)管理、提高素質(zhì)。努力節(jié)能降耗、降本增效、 增收節(jié)支。通過轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式，不是單靠產(chǎn)量的擴(kuò)張，而是靠質(zhì)的提高實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)增加值的較快增長。 綜上所述 , 中小企業(yè)的融資是一個全球性的難題，也是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程，需要各方的共同努力，也更需要中小企業(yè)自身的管理進(jìn)步，這件事情不管它的前進(jìn)道路上有多大的困難，只要我們大家共同努力，為破解中小企業(yè)的融資難題貢獻(xiàn)自己的智慧和力量，轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，進(jìn)行大膽創(chuàng)新，找到 解決中小企業(yè)融資難的正確途徑 , 那么在這一條道路上面我們就會越走越寬廣，我們的前景也會越來越美好 。s livelihood, stable target. In this sense, the international financial crisis under the impact of China39。s not too much credit. Small and mediumsized enterprises generally weak awareness of honesty, similar to a few of the mon phenomenon, may report on tax on some, less ugly statements in Banks, this intersection, some may form goodlooking, such loans point is reliable became a problem. But this approach is very adverse instead of enterprises, the development of small and mediumsized enterprises are not healthy, we imagine, if several departments with all these together, the first this enterprise is not sincere, he will have a foothold. We manufacture and exportoriented smes in human resources, technology, capital, market environment faced financial crisis, there was a huge pressure, the development of it is the root cause of the scientific and technological content of the enterprise, the innovation ability of high enough to enter the market is weak, the low threshold, the fierce petition in the market will increase, these are not good for the development of small and mediumsized enterprises. Second, from the bank, for small and mediumsized enterprise credit conditions stricter, because we are most Banks, it is also considered mercial bank, the risk of their own profits. To the end of 2020, the small bad loans is higher than that of the entire banking industry relies low percentage of stateowned enterprises, like a big problem, once, countries will still e mamp。s equity financing, stock transfer to a valid the overthecounter market. In 2020, China launched fei jointstock pany listing for trading of securities panies entering the pilot work. Besides the government should vigorously promote the development of the bond market, bond financing for small and medium enterprises to provide more convenient, in the developed countries, the bond market is the main financing, financing, in the United States, for example, 2020, the pany bonds is circulation stock circulation of 5 times, with the United States, Europe and other countries and regions in the bond market, also has the very big development space. (b) from the bank Angle 11 If rely on the existing in banking financial products and sme loans, to solve the difficulty in financing smes is impossible, we cannot change the present situation of small and mediumsized enterprises, so we would change our bank credit, financial innovation is imminent. Currently banking is through the organization innovation, risk management technical innovation, innovation, and security collateral product innovation so as to change the status of financing for smes. 1， guarantee mortgage innovation. Collateral shortage is small and mediumsized enterprise biggest soft rib, they could not buy a heap of the house and then prepare for security, it is not realistic to hightech enterprise, as the core of assets should be their intellectual property rights, the patent right and one on the market in technology, creative team, is the most important asset, can make their annual growth, but the capital like the blood to support its development, as well as several pieces of the mortgaged property, but all need money to lend, bank. The small and mediumsized Banks are many provinces in the face of financial innovation of small and mediumsized enterprises, such as jiangsu cooperatives experiment widely warehouse inventory impawn, through a mortgage loan product, Tianjin coastal rural mercial bank actively carry out enterprise shareholding pledge loan, Beijing bank recently launched intellectual property as a pledge from the bank for a loan. 2， credit rating innovation. Big Banks do business of time, usually see a balance sheet, an ine statement and a cash flow statement, small and mediumsized enterprises have even these three tables are not high, the bank information costs, zhejiang tyrone arisen, mercial Banks, they look for innovative water meter,