【正文】 ventually pushed to the gallows and what in earth leads to her tragedy? To my own knowledge, I wish to classify the reasons into four points: The environmental factors, Alec and Angel the two cruel heroes who influence the tragedy, the vices in her own characteristics and some mysterious and accidental reasons. Firstly, it is some environmental and social factors. It is well known that when you are a member of the society, you will be influenced by the society and the environment beyond all doubt. We could see it from the background of the Victorian times which is filled with capitalism everywhere, that the described cattle farm and the farm of the rich peasant show that not only the urban places get well development, but also the countries do, where capitalism ways of management e out. On account of the replacement of handwork with machines, the writer describes that so many peasants became impoverished, insolvent and then they went to the urban places. It is rightly the mirror of the rush change in the English countries in the end of the 19th century and that would inevitably cause the changes on people?s mind and spirit. Tess happened to live in this period of time. Under the exploiting of the middle class, peasants like the Durbeyfield bee poorer and poorer. And as the eldest daughter, Tess had to fill her life with innumerable and crushing fieldwork. However, during the time of disintegrating of smallscale economy and economic crisis, it is not enough to be hardworking and industrious if one wants to feed the whole family. Moreover, during the times of Victorian, being lack of any guide of scientific knowledge, people, especially women were deeply rooted traditional conception. In the same reason, we could summarize that the tragedy is led by the traditional conception which is imposed to Tess by the cruel society: the apparently unfairness between men and women and the unfairness between upper class and lower class. According to the unwritten law and morality of the capitalism, it is not a guilt if a man did something wrong sexually. On the contrary, if a woman lost her chastity and virginity, she would be disgraced forever. That is why Tess is regarded as a bad woman from the beginning to the end, and why Angel could not accept her past. Another example is that although Tess loves Angel so much, she can not accept his proposal once and once again because she takes herself as a dirty woman. Another kind of unfairness lies in the hierarchy system. Alec es from upper class so that he could do whatever he likes. But Tess is only a daughter of peasant, thus even when she has so much wrongful treatment, she can only grins and bears it. The last environmental factor I want to add in is particular family situation: Her father is indolent and incapable—— “Durbeyfield was what was locally called a slacktwisted fellow。 and, having seen unaccustomed to the regular toil of the day laborer, he was not particular persistent when they did not coincide.” Her mother is superficial, vulgar and ignorant of worldly affairs. —— “ No doubt a mampus of volk of our own rank will be down here in their carriages as soon as ?tis known.” “She is rich, and she?d be sure to take notice o? the maid, and ?twill be a very good thing I don?t see why two branches o? one family should not be on visiting terms.” “Well, Tess ought to go to this other member of our family. She?d be sure to 6 win the lady— Tess would。 don?t argue. Different societies, different manners. You almost make me say you are an unapprehending peasant woman, who has never been initiated into the proportions of social things. You don?t know what you say.” “ ?My position is this? he said abruptly. ?I thought —— any man would have thought —— that by giving up all ambition to win a wife by social standing, with fortune, with knowledge of the world, I should secure rustic innocence as surely as I should secure pink cheeks。 yet he was totally a stranger. And he wrote another sentence which suddenly flushed Tess: “THOU, SHALT, NOT, COMMIT—— ” Those words means everyone should not rape or seduce others which is included in Ten mandments of Bibles. Then, when she was having a tryon of the wedding dress, “Alone, she stood for a moment before the glass looking at the effect of her si