【正文】 tomer? ? What are the Requirements? ? How important is each requirement? ? How will you achieve each requirement? ? Complete the Relationship Matrix (what?s vs how?s). ? Which how?s are the most important? ? What are the tradeoffs between the how?s? ? What target values should be established? Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 27 The Kano Model ? Basic Needs or Revealed Requirements ? Performance Needs or Expected Requirements ? Excitement Needs or Exciting Requirements Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 28 Tips to Manage the QFD Process ? Minimize meeting time. ? Maximize milestones. ? Maximize functional stakeholder teams. ? Maximize the ratio of personal to team time. ? Maximize the learning potential for each member. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 29 QFD: Step by Step Guide ? How QFD Works ? Step by Step Guide to Build a “House of Quality” ? Example: ? Web page development Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 30 How QFD Works ? Customerrequirementsdriven design and production planning process ? Rationale is that product quality is measured by customer satisfaction and customers are satisfied if their needs or requirements are met ? QFD is building requirements into products. ? Inputs customer requirements ? Outputs production procedures for producing a product to satisfy customers. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 31 How QFD Works (2) Conceive Design Process Production Requirements Technical Specifications High Level Design Methods Tools QFD Planning Process Procedures Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 32 House of Quality Customer Requirements (Whats) Relationship Matrix (Whats vs. Hows”) Customer Market Evaluation (Whats vs. Whys) Degree of Technical Difficulty Technical Specifications (Hows) Correlation Matrix (Hows vs. Hows) How muchs Whys Target Goals Technical Competitive Evaluations Overall Importance Ratings Customer Importance Rating Example Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 33 Customer Requirements ? Voice of Customer” (VOC) ? Are “whats” ? Expressed in customer?s own language ? Qualitative, vague, ambiguous, inplete, inconsistent ? Group session ? Categorization and anization Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 34 Technical Specifications ? Voice of the Engineers or Designers (“hows”). ? Interpretations of whats in terms of technical specifications or design requirements (designers? language) ? Potential choices for product features ? Each whats item must be converted (refined) to “how(s)” ? They have to be actionable (quantifiable or measurable) ? Free of technology and implementation creates flexibility for design Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 35 “ whathow” Confusion ? In RE: ? “how” is “how is the what will be implemented”. ? Technology and implementation implied ? In QFD: ? “hows” are still “whats” in SE but redefined ? Technical “whats” ? Free from technology and implementation Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 36 Relationship Matrix ? “ Whats” vs. “Hows” ? Correlates how “hows” satisfy “whats” ? Use symbolic notation for depicting weak, medium, and strong relationships ? A weight of 139 or 135 is often used ? More “strongs” are ideal ? Crosschecking ability Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 37 Customer Prioritization ? Prioritizing the importance of each “whats” item to the customer. ? Rate each “whats” item in 1 to 5 rating ? Completed by the customer ? AHP can be used Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 38 Customer Market Competitive Evaluations ? Comparison of the developer39。 the ir use r s Use rs amp。 f acilit ator bypasse d Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 65 QFD vs. SSM QFD SSM Ty pe Group ses si on a ppr oa ch Org a ni zationa l a ppr oa ch Sol ve P rocess f a il ure Ex pecta tion fa ilure Goa l Cl ien t?s qua li t y need Des ira bl e sys tem Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 66 QFD vs. SSM cont. QFD SSM Meg a lan gu age No t useful Useful Time Ne eds lot o f time to co mplete QFD Time co nsuming Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 67 QFD Vs. SASD QFD SASD Technique/ Method Structured proce ss Function oriented ana lysis a nd design Defect prevention Suita ble Suita ble Hum an intera ctio n More Less pare to QFD Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 68 QFD vs. SASD cont. QFD SASD Choice o f tec hniqu e Cli ent?s qual it y need Relati onal data ba s e and struc tured program design Defec t Preventio n Suita ble Suita ble Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 69 QFD vs. OO QFD OO Suitabl e Qual it y produc t Where re quireme nts are rapid ly e volving Human interactio n Key Less Re quireme nts Spec ifi c Re quireme nts changes all owe d Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 70 QFD vs. PAD QFD P D Foc us Cus tomer voi ce Users/ customers Goal P roduct qu al ity To i mprove w ork pla ce Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 71 QFD vs. RAD QFD RAD