【正文】 1 Quality Function Deployment Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 2 Table of Contents ? Overview ? QFD: Step by Step ? Exercise ? Comparison of Different RE Techniques ? Application of QFD on Software Engineering ? QFD software list ? Discussion Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 3 Overview of QFD ? The History of QFD. ? What is QFD? ? Why use QFD? ? Characteristics of QFD? Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 4 History of QFD ? 1960?s, Yoji Akao conceptualized QFD. ? Statistical Quality Control, SQC, was the central quality control activity after WWII. ? SQC became Total Quality Control, TQC. ? QFD was derived from TQC. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 5 Hinshitsu Kino Tenkai ? The original Japanese term for QFD, Hinshitsu Kino Tenkai, was originally translated into Quality Function Evolution. ? The term Evolution was thought inappropriate so Deployment was chosen even though it has very militaristic connotations in Japanese. ? The term can actually have even more translations as the terms cannot be precisely defined in English. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 6 First Application of QFD ? 1966, Bridgestone Tire Corp first used a process assurance table. ? 1972, the process assurance table was retooled by Akao to include QFD process. ? 1972, Kobe Shipyards (of Mitsubishi Heavy Industry) began a QFD Oil Tanker project. ? 1978, Kobe Shipyards published their quality chart for the tanker. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 7 QFD Takes Hold ? The first paper on QFD was published in 1972. ? In 1978, the first book on QFD was published in Japanese. ? In 1983, the first English QFD article was published in North America. ? By the late 1970?s most of the Japanese manufacturing industry were using QFD. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 8 QFD in North America ? QFD spread rapidly in North America during the 1980?s ? The Automobile industry and Manufacturing began heavy use of QFD at this time. ? QFD symposiums (North American, Japanese, European, International) were set up to explore research relating to QFD techniques. ? The QFD institute was formed in 1994. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 9 QFD in Software Engineering ? The QFD Research Group was seeking research relating to QFD in Software Engineering since 1987. ? A new style of QFD, Software QFD (SQFD), has emerged. ? DEC, ATamp。T, HP, IBM and Texas Instruments have all published information relating to SQFD (Haag, 1996). Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 10 Additional Techniques ? There are many techniques which are a style of QFD or are used to enhance QFD. ? These include: TRIZ, conjoint analysis, the seven product planning tools, Taguchi methods, Kano model, SQFD, DQFD, Gemba, Kaizen, Comprehensive QFD, QFD (N), QFD (B). Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 11 Overview of QFD ? The History of QFD. ? What is QFD? ? Why use QFD? ? Characteristics of QFD? Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 12 What is QFD? ? Quality Function Deployment, QFD, is a quality technique which evaluates the ideas of key stakeholders to produce a product which better addresses the customers needs. ? Customer requirements are gathered into a visual document which is evaluated and remodeled during construction so the important requirements stand out as the end result. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 13 The QFD Paradigm ? QFD provides the opportunity to make sure you have a good product before you try to design and implement it. ? It is about planning and problem prevention, not problem solving (Eureka, 1988). ? QFD provides a systematic approach to identify which requirements are a priority for whom, when to implement them, and why. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 14 HighLevel QFD ? Requirements are initially elicited using other RE techniques (interviewing, brainstorming, focusgroups, etc). ? QFD involves the refinement of requirements using matrices and charts based on group decided priorities. ? There are 4 Phases of QFD. Each Phase requires internal iteration before proceeding to the next. Once at a Phase you do not go back. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 15 What Does QFD Require? ? QFD requires time, effort, and patience. ? QFD requires access to stakeholder groups. ? The benefits of QFD are not realized immediately. Usually not until later in the project or the next project. ? QFD requires full management support. Priorities for the QFD process cannot change if benefits are to be realized. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 16 The QFD Evolution ? Basic QFD is rarely used in it?s original form. ? Usually a type of QFD is utilized, like SQFD or DQFD, or additional techniques are added, like Taguchi methods or TRIZ, or only parts of the original phases are used, like eliminating the What?s Correlation Matrix from Phase 1. ? Each QFD project will vary. Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 17 Overview of QFD ? The History of QFD. ? What is QFD? ? Why use QFD? ? Characteristics of QFD? Nov 23, 2020 SENG 613 QFD 18 Why use QFD? ? The QFD process leads participants to a mon understanding of project direction and goals. ? QFD forces anizations to interact across thei