【正文】 ubt that the patient had died of lung ，人死于肺癌。(五)短語(yǔ)(1)His escape was nothing short of being miraculoust know if I ought to have e，”he said breathlessly，grasping Sandy’s arm．“我不知道我該不該來(lái)”，他氣喘吁吁地說(shuō)，一把抓住了桑迪的胳膊。(3)All things invariably divide into two．事物都是一分為二的。(四)副詞(1)The show was，unfortunately，one of the dullest we have ever ，這次演出是我們所看過(guò)的最乏味的演出。(4)APEC will have to be nondiscriminatory and it will have to seek to be openrather than closed in its approach．亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織必須一視同仁，而且態(tài)度上必須是開(kāi)放的，而不是封閉的。(2)It was inconsiderate of her to mention the matter in his ，競(jìng)當(dāng)著他的面談?wù)摯耸隆?5)The thief jumped over a neighboring garden wail and disappeared among the crowds．這個(gè)小偷從鄰居的花園墻頭上翻了出去，在人群中消失了。母親小心翼翼地從熟睡的女兒手里抽出自己的手。雇主可以解雇任何曾得罪過(guò)他的雇員。(7)There has been serious disagreement between the two countries over thisquestion．關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間存在著嚴(yán)重分歧。(5)These slums ale a disgrace to the city 。(3)A look of disbelief replaced the smile on her face．懷疑的神色取代了她臉上的微笑。(一)名詞(1)It was said that someone had sown discord among 。這樣做有時(shí)是為了將原文中某些否定形式所具有的 肯定含義清楚地表達(dá)出來(lái)；在另外一些時(shí)候也許是為了將譯文組織得更加自然流 暢。(6)A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush雙鳥(niǎo)在林不如一鳥(niǎo)在手。貪多嚼不爛。(3)Let sleeping dog lie．莫惹事生非。例如：(1)Seeing is believing．百聞不如一見(jiàn)。(5)Her grandfather is already 80，but he carries his years lightly她祖父已80歲了，可是并不顯老。(3)It’S human nature to want something better．人總是不滿足于現(xiàn)狀。(八)句子(1)Let me watch you at it again．再讓我逮著，可饒不了你。(6)There are many energy sources in store．The problem has been to use theenergy at a reasonable cost．有許多能源尚未開(kāi)發(fā)。(4)The escaped criminal is still at large．逃犯仍未捉拿歸案。(2)Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept withdignity．雙方認(rèn)為，那個(gè)和平建議他們可以接受，而又不失體面。(4)Until he spoke I had not realized he was foreign．他要是不說(shuō)話，我還一直不知道他是外國(guó)人。(2)Unless English team improves their game，they are going to lose the ，就會(huì)榆掉這場(chǎng)比賽。(5)So far，experts have had about the same degree of success as stock—marketforecasters，which is to say they do badly．到目前為止，匯率預(yù)測(cè)專家的成功率與股票市場(chǎng)上的預(yù)測(cè)者大體一樣，這就是說(shuō)他們做得不好。(4)Time is what we want most，but what many use worst(2)The officers and soldiers blazed away until they had no ammunition left．官兵們連續(xù)不斷地射擊，直到用盡所有的子彈。(5)Only one of us has ever gone to live in the village and he was back in townwithin five months．我們中只有一個(gè)人真正在鄉(xiāng)村生活過(guò)，不過(guò)這個(gè)人待了不到5個(gè)月就返回了城里。(3)It was beyond your power to sign such a contract．你無(wú)權(quán)簽訂這種合同。(四)介詞或介詞詞組(1)That kind of thing is very seems against ，似乎不符合自然規(guī)律。(5)These elements are shielded SO that they are free from the influence ofmagnetic field．這些元件已加屏蔽，因此不受磁場(chǎng)的影響。(3)It is said that it is only a marginal agreement．據(jù)說(shuō)．那只不過(guò)是一個(gè)無(wú)關(guān)宏旨的協(xié)議。(三)形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)(1)My younger brother would be the last man to say such things．我弟弟決不可能說(shuō)這種話。(5)An investment in the money market fund has tied up the money until the endof the term of the investment．投資于貨幣市場(chǎng)的資金在投資期滿之前是不能動(dòng)用的。(3)English differ from French in having no gender for ，英語(yǔ)名詞沒(méi)有性的變化?？茖W(xué)家不承認(rèn)權(quán)威是真理的最終根據(jù)。作為名詞用的含蓄否定詞還有：defiance(不顧，無(wú)視)，denial(否認(rèn)，否 定)，exclusion(排除)，freedom(不，免除)，refusal(不愿，不允許)和loss(失去)等。(4)Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom，but the want of it always leavesroom for．the suspicion of folly．盡管有禮貌并不一定標(biāo)志著此人有智慧，但是無(wú)禮貌卻總是使人懷疑其愚蠢。(2)All international disputes should be settled through negotiations and avoidanceof any armed conflicts．一切國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端應(yīng)通過(guò)談判，而不是武裝沖突來(lái)解決。英語(yǔ)中的含蓄否定詞或含蓄否定短語(yǔ)一般都要譯成漢語(yǔ)的否定詞組。一、正說(shuō)反譯法英語(yǔ)中有些否定概念是通過(guò)含有否定意義或近似否定意義的詞來(lái)表達(dá)的。從以上例中可以看出，有些句子從正面譯不順，不妨從反面譯；反面譯不 順，則不妨從正面譯，因?yàn)橥粋€(gè)概念，一個(gè)民族正著說(shuō)，以為是合乎表達(dá)習(xí)慣 的，而另一個(gè)民族則認(rèn)為反著說(shuō)才順口。(3)I have read your articles，but，expect to meet an older woman．我讀過(guò)你的文章，但沒(méi)料到你這樣年輕。原文從反面表達(dá)，譯文從正面表達(dá)。這個(gè)句子如果譯成“這種機(jī)器離復(fù)雜甚遠(yuǎn)”就使人感到不知所云。在翻譯某些英文句子時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意兩點(diǎn)：一是英語(yǔ)里 有些從正面表達(dá)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，漢譯時(shí)可以從反面來(lái)表達(dá)，即正說(shuō)反譯法；二是 英語(yǔ)里有些從反面表達(dá)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，漢譯時(shí)可從正面來(lái)表達(dá)，即反說(shuō)正譯法。在表示否定意義時(shí)，這種差異顯得 尤為突出。第一篇：翻譯技巧 反譯法第八節(jié)反譯法由于講英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的歷史、地理、社會(huì)文化背景和生活習(xí)性與我國(guó)不同，因此 這些國(guó)家人們的思維方式和生活習(xí)性亦與我國(guó)不同。這種差別體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣 七，便產(chǎn)生了兩種語(yǔ)言各自不同的表達(dá)形式。有的英語(yǔ)句子形式上是否定的而實(shí)質(zhì)上是肯定的，有的形式上是肯定 的而實(shí)質(zhì)上是否定的。例如：(1)The kind of machine is far from being plicated．這種機(jī)器一點(diǎn)也不復(fù)雜。(2)He wrote three books in the first two years，a record never reached before．他頭兩年寫(xiě)了3本書(shū)，打破了以往的記錄。如譯成“這是他從前從未達(dá)到的記錄” 則顯得很別扭。本句如譯成“我讀過(guò)你文章，但我料想會(huì)見(jiàn)到一個(gè)年紀(jì)更大的女人”則不符 合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因此，在恰當(dāng)?shù)膱?chǎng)合靈活運(yùn)用反譯法不 失為確保譯文語(yǔ)義明晰、文從字順的有效手段。一 些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家稱這些詞為“含蓄否定詞”，另一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家則稱之為“暗指否定 詞”。(一)名詞（Shortness of time has required the omission of some countries．由于時(shí)間不夠，沒(méi)能訪問(wèn)某些國(guó)家。(3 1 There was plete absence of information on t11e oil deposit in that country．關(guān)于該國(guó)的石油儲(chǔ)量情況，人們毫無(wú)所知。(5)A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs Can createproblems．不注意文化差異或當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)俗可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題。(二)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(1)Scientists reject authority as an ultimate basis for truth(2)Water is a good lubricant, if you can devise a way to keep it from leaking out or ，那么水就是一種很好的潤(rùn)滑劑。(4)To preserve the fiction，he refrained from scolding his son until the guests ，他強(qiáng)忍著不責(zé)罵自己的兒子，直到客人們離去。類似的動(dòng)詞還有refuse(不愿，不肯，無(wú)法)，lack(缺乏，沒(méi)有)，defy(不服從，不遵守，不讓)，forbid(不許)，stop(不準(zhǔn))和ignore(不理，不肯考慮)等。(2)They were watching the fluid situation with concern．他們關(guān)切地注視著動(dòng)蕩不安的局面。(4)These official documents shall form an integral part of this contract．這些正式文件是合同不可分割的組成部分。類似的形容詞及其短語(yǔ)還有：absent(不在，不到)，awkward(不熟練，不 靈活，使用起來(lái)不方便)，bad(令人不愉快的，不受歡迎的，不舒服的)，blind(看不到，不注意)，dead(無(wú)生命的，無(wú)感覺(jué)的，不毛的)，difficult(不容易 的)，：foreign to(不適合的，與??無(wú)關(guān))，short of(不夠)和poor(不好的，不幸的)等。(2)These planes were held back to protect our home inlands instead of being usedwhere they were badly needed．這些飛機(jī)被留在后方保衛(wèi)后方本島，未用于其他急需的地方。(4)It is generally believed that the men who are habitually behind time are ashabitually behind success．人們普遍相信，習(xí)慣不準(zhǔn)時(shí)的人通常也不會(huì)成功。(五)副詞(1)Slowly the old man pulled the letter out of the envelope，and unfolded it．這位老人不慌不忙地從信封里抽出信紙，然后打了開(kāi)來(lái)。(3)The subversion attempts of the enemy proved predictably futile．不出所料，敵人的顛覆活動(dòng)證明毫無(wú)效果。時(shí)間是我們最缺少的，但許多人卻最不善于利用時(shí)間。(六)連接詞及其短語(yǔ)(1)He is too careful not to have noticed it．他那么小心，不會(huì)不注意到這一點(diǎn)的。(3)The old lady would rather be buried with her money under a mountain of rockthan trust another bank．老太太寧可和她的錢(qián)一起被葬入石山下，也不再相信任何一家銀行了。(七)某些固定短語(yǔ)(1)The restaurant was anything b