【正文】 持原文的修辭風(fēng)格，豐富譯文的語言表達(dá)力?？偟恼f來，英語辭格的譯法主要有直譯、加注、釋義、歸化、切分、數(shù)種譯法并用等。無視這些差異而采用直譯不但不能保持原文中修辭格的神韻，反而會歪曲原作的意思，造成譯文語言晦澀難懂。要做到這一點(diǎn)有時(shí)可以采取直譯，因?yàn)橛h兩種語言在修辭手法上存在某些驚人的相似之處。(anastrophe)二、修辭格的譯法翻譯英語修辭格力求譯文能有效地再現(xiàn)原文的修辭效果，否則譯文即使在大意上與原文差不多，也會使原文的精神和風(fēng)格受損，削弱語言的表達(dá)力。不過這話用在小小的逗號上，何嘗不是如此?(rhetorical question)(3)Man proposes，God ，成事在天。白天寫，晚上也寫。它們與漢語中的反復(fù)、設(shè)問、對偶、倒裝基本相同。(三)句法修辭格(syntactical rhetorical devices)句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的修辭格主要是指通過句子結(jié)構(gòu)的均衡布局或是突出重點(diǎn)創(chuàng)造出來的修辭手法。例如：She opened the door and her heart to the homeless ，也打開了自己的心扉。proud humility 不卑不亢(不是驕傲的謙卑)Zeugma(軛式搭配法)是用一個(gè)詞(動(dòng)詞、形容詞或介詞)與兩個(gè)以上的在意義上不相干的名詞搭配。矛盾修辭手法在英語中常見，但在漢語中很少見。zeugma。(注：lie躺，撒謊。雖然pun和漢語雙關(guān)在格式和修辭作用上基本相同，但是由于兩種語言的語音不同，多義詞也很難找到完全對應(yīng)的詞語。前者是利用詞意根本不同的諧音詞構(gòu)成。恰當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)用這種手法會使語言生動(dòng)有趣，達(dá)到由此及彼的效果。這在漢語中叫委婉語。宮里有了喪事，她沒有一回不穿孝。在多數(shù)情況下，irony可以譯成漢語的反語。它包括verbal irony，dramatic irony，situational ，這里不作詳細(xì)介紹。euphemism。例如：His words made my blood ，我的血都快凝固了。例如：Words pay no 。hyperbolepersonification與漢語擬人完全相同，就是賦予物以人的言語屬性。s face expressed a kind of doubting admiration.(用“疑惑”修飾限定“欽佩”)醫(yī)生的臉上流露出欽佩而又帶有疑惑的神情。這種修辭手法能與漢語中的移就基本相似。(metonymy──用奶瓶代奶)(2)Some mute inglorious Milton here may 、無名詩人也許在此長眠。doll(玩具)可喻指姑娘、寶貝等。它們大體上相當(dāng)于漢語的借代(分為旁借和對代兩類)。)。)(2)The project is an economic albatross from the 。(Achilles是希臘神話中的一位勇士。英語引用最多的是源出《圣經(jīng)》故事以及希臘、羅馬神話、《伊索寓言》和那些淵源流長的諺語、格言等。其特點(diǎn)是不注明來源和出處，一般多引用人們熟知的關(guān)鍵詞或詞組，將其融合編織在作者的話語中。其實(shí)戈丹是英國的一個(gè)村莊，相傳那里的人是最愚蠢的，所以這個(gè)比喻的意思是“蠢笨無比”.類似的例子還有：as thick as thieves親密無間(不是“像賊一樣厚”)as old as the hills古老(不是“像山一樣老”)The ship plows the 。比較英漢兩種語言中常用的比喻，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)有許多驚人的相似之處，比如都用狐貍比喻狡猾，用羊比喻溫順、用鋼鐵比喻堅(jiān)硬，常見喻體相同的還有Footnote(腳注)、Harelip(兔唇)等。(擬物)比喻修辭手法主要涉及形象。(隱喻)(2)She is shedding crocodile 。Metaphor兼有漢語隱喻、借喻及擬物的特點(diǎn)，即把甲事物當(dāng)作乙事物來描寫。英語 simile 的比喻詞一般是 like，as(……as)等，漢語明喻的比喻詞通常是“好象”、“仿佛”等。allusionSimile與漢語的明喻基本相同，用某一事物或情境來比擬另一個(gè)事物或情境。它們主要包括 simile，metaphor，allusion，metonymy，transferred epithet，personification，hyperbole，irony，euphemism，pun，oxymoron，zeugma，contrast 等。(2)With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.(assonance)懷著這個(gè)信念，我們能把絕望的大山鑿成希望的磐石。前者與漢語的雙聲(漢語中兩個(gè)或多個(gè)音節(jié)，聲母相同，叫做雙聲，它不是辭格)相似，后者與漢語的疊韻(兩個(gè)或多個(gè)音節(jié)彼此韻母相同)非常相似。Alliteration就是在一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)詩行中，有兩個(gè)以上彼此靠近的詞，其開頭的音節(jié)(或其他重讀音節(jié))具有同樣的字母或聲音。恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用它可以使語言更加形象生動(dòng)。(一)音韻修辭格(phonological rhetorical devices)顧名思義，音韻修辭格是利用詞語的語音特點(diǎn)創(chuàng)造出來的修辭手法。要翻譯好英語修辭格，首先要弄清其特點(diǎn)、弄清英漢兩種語言在這方面的異同，然后根據(jù)具體情況采用恰當(dāng)?shù)募记蛇M(jìn)行翻譯。(1)While trade is good in my pany，money is very tight at present.(2)The Foreign Minister doubted the desirability of a negotiation to be held at that time．(3)Charles dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the 0ld man．(4)In your eagerness to secure profits，you have failed to give due consideration to the sellers’ standpoints．(5)If the weather holds a few days，the team of the explorers will set off．(6)While I liked his work，I pointed out areas where improvement was possible．(7)In the event of any contingencies beyond our control，we shall not be heldresponsible for the late delivery of the goods．(8)In the absence of a settlement through negotiation，the case under dispute call besubmitted to arbitration．(9)Cowards die many times before their death；the valiant never taste of death but0nce．(10)One of the advantages of the fibreoptic munications is freedom from directeffect of interfering radio transmission．第二篇：2016年翻譯碩士筆譯技巧：英語修辭格譯法考研集訓(xùn)營,為考生服務(wù)，為學(xué)員引路！2016年翻譯碩士筆譯技巧：英語修辭格譯法一、什么是修辭格修辭格(figures of speech)是提高語言表達(dá)效果的語言藝術(shù)。(3)After the ship unloads at the dock，the goods will go to the container freight(4)Students，with no exception，are to hand in their papers tomorrow afternoon．(5)The thought of returning to our native land never deserted us at that time．(6)It is generally believed that there is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise．(7)The system of gas supply in the city leaves nothing to be desired．(8)The significance of these incidents wasn39。(1)The doubt was still unsolved after our repeated explanations譯文2：藝術(shù)品原封未動(dòng)，錢卻不翼而飛。(3)The works of art were left intact，the money gone(2)Much to our regret，the packing of the landed goods is quite different fromthat you have promised．譯文l：十分遺憾，到貨的包裝與貴方承諾的相差很大。(1)We have found your terms and conditions agreeable．譯文l：我們同意你方條款。)最后值得一提的是，在英漢翻譯過程中，反譯法的使用必須要針對具體情況 靈活掌握，切不可一概而論，機(jī)械套用。)(3)It is a long lane that had no end．路必有彎。)(2)It is a good workman that never blunders．智者千慮，必有一失。(六)It be+a．+n．+that?(再??也難免)(1)It is all ill wind that blows nobody good．壞事未必對人人都有害處。(五)all／every?not(并非??都)(1)All towns did not look like as they do today．在過去，城鎮(zhèn)并不都像今天這樣個(gè)個(gè)千篇一律。(四)both?not(并非兩者??都)(1)Both the instruments are not precision 。(2)For all we knew，the files we were supposed to fetch were already ontheir way．說不定該由我們?nèi)ト〉奈募言谕局小?3)The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished．發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)并不是因?yàn)槿剂虾谋M而停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。(二)not?because(并非因?yàn)??而)(1)Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time．不要因?yàn)闀r(shí)間緊而敷衍搪塞。(2)We shall never be able to stress too much for his ，都不足以報(bào)恩于萬一。下面就是一些有代表性的結(jié)構(gòu)。f41 He didn’t half like the girl他非常喜歡那姑娘。(2)He can’t see you quickly enough他很想盡快和你見面。例如：(1)I couldn’t feel better(2)The significance of this report and importance Can never be overemphasized．這個(gè)報(bào)告的意義和重要性，不管怎樣強(qiáng)調(diào)，也不算過分。)當(dāng)然，有的英語雙重否定句譯為漢語的雙重否定句更為通順。)(7)I 8nl not reluctant to accept your proposal．我非常愿意接受你的建議。(6)We can’t be too careful in doing this kind of experiment．我們在做這類實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)應(yīng)盡可能小心。)(4)It never rains but pours．不雨則已．雨必傾盆。(3)There is no grammatical rule than has no exception．條條語法規(guī)則都有例外。例如：(1)There is no evil without pensation．惡有惡報(bào)。不過，它是一種特殊的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。(5)Knowledge about the most powerful puters man has ever developed is toovaluable not to share．人類已經(jīng)開發(fā)出功率極大的計(jì)算機(jī)，這方面的知識極為寶貴，應(yīng)為人類共享。(3)The United Nations Organization has not，so far，justified the hopes which thepeople of the world set on it．到目前為止，聯(lián)合國辜負(fù)了世界人民寄予的希望。(六)句子(1)For many years there was no closeness between the two countries．兩國關(guān)系曾疏遠(yuǎn)了很多年。(6)The enemy’s spies were not going to lose sight of us．?dāng)橙说拿芴揭恢痹诒O(jiān)視我們的行蹤。(4)There is nothing like mineral water to quench one’s thirst．礦泉水是解渴的最好飲料。(2)The examination left no do