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lows between Firms and Markets ? Market value of the firm ≠ Book value of the firm because of growth assets. ? In what situation will the firm create values for the investors? FA 第二節(jié) 公司投融資 一、關(guān)于 FINANCE 二、資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表模型 三、對(duì)公司金融的界定 一、關(guān)于 FINANCE ? Public Finance (Public Economics) 財(cái)政學(xué) ( 公共經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)) ? Bank Finance (Moary and Banking) 金融學(xué) (貨幣銀行學(xué) ) ? International Finance( International Economics) 國際金融 (國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)) ? Corporate Finance 公司金融 (公司理財(cái)) ? Personal Finance 個(gè)人理財(cái) 關(guān)于 FINANCE ? Financial Economics 金融經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等) ? Investment 投資學(xué) (有價(jià)證券投資 ) ? Corporate Finance 公司金融(公司理財(cái)) What is Corporate Finance? ? Corporate finance is a specific area of finance that analyzes the financial decisions of corporations. What is Corporate Finance? Corporate Finance addresses the following three questions( 公司金融探討以下三個(gè)方面問題 ) 1. What longterm investments should the firm engage in?( 公司應(yīng)該投資于什么樣的長期資產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目 ) 2. How can the firm raise the money for the required investments?(公司如何籌集投資支出所需要的長期資金) 3. How much shortterm cash flow does a pany need to pay its bills?(公司需要多大的現(xiàn)金流來應(yīng)對(duì)支出) 二、資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表模型 Current Assets Fixed Assets 1 Tangible 2 Intangible Total Value of Assets: Shareholders’ Equity Current Liabilities LongTerm Debt Total Firm Value to Investors: Current Assets Fixed Assets 1 Tangible 2 Intangible Shareholders’ Equity Current Liabilities LongTerm Debt What longterm investments should the firm engage in? The Capital Budgeting Decision( 資本預(yù)算 ) The BalanceSheet Model of the Firm 公司投資的概念 ? 公司投資 (Corporate Investment)指實(shí)物資產(chǎn)投資,即建廠房、購買機(jī)器設(shè)備等擴(kuò)大企業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力的活動(dòng)。 ? 重置投資( replacement investment)是彌補(bǔ)固定資產(chǎn)損耗的投資,維持原有的生產(chǎn)能力。 公司投資與社會(huì)總需求 ? 公司投資形成生產(chǎn)能力:當(dāng)企業(yè)面臨不斷增加的市場需求時(shí),首先是增加流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)量;市場上的需求進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大、超過企業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力時(shí),企業(yè)就要進(jìn)行投資、擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。 公司投資與宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的總投資 ? 包含在總投資中 ? 存貨投資 ? 政府主導(dǎo)的投資 How can the firm raise the money for the required investments? The Capital Structure Decision( 資本結(jié)構(gòu) ) Current Assets Fixed Assets 1 Tangible 2 Intangible Shareholders’ Equity Current Liabilities LongTerm Debt The BalanceSheet Model of the Firm Capital Structure The value of the firm can be thought of as a pie.( 公司價(jià)值可以被假定為一個(gè)餡餅 ) The goal of the manager is to increase the size of the pie.( 管理者的目標(biāo)就是做大餡餅 ) The Capital Structure decision can be viewed as how best to slice up the pie. ( 資本結(jié)構(gòu)決策就是如何最好地切分餡餅 ) If how you slice the pie affects the size of the pie, then the capital structure decision matters. 50% Debt 50% Equity 25% Debt 75% 70% 30% Equity 資本配置方式的轉(zhuǎn)變 ? 資本市場發(fā)展 – 《 中國資本市場發(fā)展報(bào)告 》 ? 資源配置渠道 – 財(cái)政資金、銀行信貸、 資本市場 、民間資本 ? 直接融資與間接融資的比較 – 賄賂 – 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 How much shortterm cash flow does a pany need to pay its bills? The Net Working Capital Investment Decision ( 凈營運(yùn)資金 ) Net Working Capital Shareholders’ Equity Current Liabilities LongTerm Debt Current Assets Fixed Assets 1 Tangible 2 Intangible The BalanceSheet Model of the Firm 營運(yùn)資金的投融資決策 ? 營運(yùn)資金的占用 – 現(xiàn)金、應(yīng)收賬款、存貨 ? 營運(yùn)資金的來源 – 自發(fā)性融資 – 協(xié)議性融資 三、對(duì)公司金融的界定 ? Capital Budgeting (投資決策) – The process