【正文】 dler roleThe manager resolves conflicts among subordinates or between his/her department and other departments.障礙排除者resource allocator roleThe resource allocator role is about decisions of allocating people, time, equipment, budget, and other resources to attain desired outes.資源分配者negotiator roleThe manager negotiates on behalf of the organization.談判者conceptual skillconceptual skill is the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and the relationship among its parts.概念技能human skillHuman skill is the manager’s ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member.人際技能technical skillTechnical skill is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks.技術技能/業(yè)務技能Chapter 5：TermsEnglish Definition中文翻譯productionProduction is the process of transforming inputs such as raw materials into outputs such as goods and services.生產manufacturingManufacturing is one part of production which means making goods by hand or with machinery as opposed to extracting things from the earth (mining and fishing).制造operationOperations are the functions needed to keep the pany producing, literally any function or series of functions introduced to carry out a strategic plan.運作inputsInputs to the production process are those resources that will be needed to produce the desired goods or services.投入品transformationTransformation consists of those production activities that take the inputs and bine them in some special way to produce the output.改造，轉換outputsThe output is the final result of the production process.產品plant locationPlant location can mean the difference between profit and loss for a firm.廠址的選定production process生產工藝manufacturing process制造工藝assembly process裝配工藝synthetic process合成工藝analytic process分解工藝continuous process連續(xù)性生產工藝intermittent process機械性生產工藝materials management物料管理materials requirements planning (MRP)MRP is a puterbased system that uses sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right place and the right time.物料需求計劃manufacturing resource planning （MRPII）MRPII is an advanced version of MRP that allows plants to include all the resources involved in the efficient making of a product.制造資源計劃enterprise resource planning （ERP）ERP is a puterbased production and operations system that links multiple firms into one integrated production unit.企業(yè)資源計劃purchasingPurchasing is the function in the pany that searches for quality material resources.采購inventory Inventory refers to a list of goods and materials held available in stock.庫存inventory control庫存控制manufacturer制造商distributor分銷商wholesaler批發(fā)商retailer零售商Justintime（JIT） inventory control The idea is to have suppliers deliver their products “just in time” to go on the assembly line.準時庫存控制JIT II準時庫存控制二代job scheduleA job schedule is the plan for a particular job.工作計劃schedulingScheduling amalgamate several job schedules.制訂計劃production schedule / factory schedule生產計劃/工廠計劃master production schedule主生產計劃crosstraining workers綜合訓練的工人program evaluation and review technique (PERT) chart項目評估與審查技術路線圖critical path關鍵路徑flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)柔性制造系統(tǒng)puteraided design（CAD）計算機輔助設計puteraided manufacturing （CAM）計算機輔助生產puteraided engineering （CAE）計算機輔助工程lean manufacturingLean manufacturing is the production of goods using less of everything pared to mass production.精益生產modular construction組合生產productivityProductivity means the amount of products or services produced with the resources used.生產率productivity measurement生產率衡量performance evaluation業(yè)績評估qualityThe quality of a product or service is a customer’s perception of the degree to which the product or service meets his/her expectations.