【正文】 e i n g + v . ed( b e i n g d o n e )與句中謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系v e d ( d o n e )與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生h a v i n g + v . e d ( h a v i n g d o n e )與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生v. i n g( d o i n g )意義形式2 分詞作狀語(yǔ)（ 2020 天津 12） It rained heavily in the south, _____ serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 解題技巧：（ 1）讀題，分析句子是否考察 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ) （ 2）找到句子的主語(yǔ)； （ 3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)的總原則：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致； （ 4）體會(huì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系以及時(shí)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)： be interested in, be dressed in, be faced with, be/remain seated等 . eg. The window is broken. 高考鏈接 （ 1）（ 2020 湖 南 30） So far nobody has claimed the money in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered 10 C. discovering D. having discovered 解題技巧：（ 1）讀題； （ 2）找到非謂語(yǔ)所修飾的名詞或代詞； （ 3）體會(huì)這個(gè)名詞或代詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系以及時(shí)態(tài)。 moved people encouraging report。 eg. boiling water； boiled water falling leaves； fallen leaves changing world； changed world （ 3）現(xiàn)在分詞表明所修飾詞的特征，一般修飾物，翻譯成 “令人 … 的 ”； 過(guò)去分詞表明所修飾詞的心理感受和狀態(tài)，一般修飾人，翻譯成 “感到 … 的 ”。 （ 2）做定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞分詞 形式為：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。 eg. He was the best man to do the job. ③ 用來(lái)修飾的詞是抽象名詞時(shí)用不定式，常見(jiàn)的有： ability, chance, idea, fact, answer, reason， way 等。 eg. The Browns have a fortable house to live in. (3)用不定式作定語(yǔ)的 3 種情況： ① 不定式表將來(lái)。（ 1 ） have ， ge teg . I will have /get my bik e repaired tomorrow.(2 ) h a v e sb . d o s th .g e t sb . t o d o s t h .sth . d one 使 / 讓某事由別人去做sb. /st h . doing 高考鏈接 （ 1）（ 2020 遼寧 35） Alexander tried to get his work ______in the medical circles. A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized （ 2） (2020 福建 24)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve is said that he has gone abroad. He is said to have gone abroad. 一個(gè)高頻結(jié)構(gòu)： sb. be said/ believed/ known/ reported/ found/ considered 等 +不定式 高考鏈接 (1)(2020 重慶 28)Leonardo da Vinci(14521519) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought (2)(2020 遼寧 29) The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang， who was reported the world record in the 110 A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break 9 四 不定式、分詞作定語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn)that will be built next yearThe workersthat was built last yearthat is being built nowis donated by a businessman.built last year （ done 被動(dòng) 完成）to be built （ to be done 被動(dòng) 將來(lái)）being built now （ being done 被動(dòng) 進(jìn)行）building the library （ doing 主動(dòng) 進(jìn)行）to build the library (to do 主動(dòng) 將來(lái) )who are building the librarywho will build the libraryare the locals.The library 不定式做定語(yǔ) (1)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。 高考鏈接 （ 1）（ 2020 湖南 21） Listen! Do you hear someone ___for help? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called （ 2） (2020 全國(guó) Ⅱ 16) They use puters to keep the traffic smoothly. A. being run B. run C. to run D. running （ 3） (2020 江蘇 34)To learn English well， we should find opportunities to hear English A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak （ 4） (2020 全國(guó) Ⅰ 29)I smell something in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning C. being burnt D. to be burnt 3. leave 后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，意為 “ 使 … 處于某種狀態(tài) ” 。 eg. Tom was made to wash dishes everyday. 以上動(dòng)詞還可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) (5+3+2+12+4)。2 聽(tīng)（ hear, listen to） 。 hear, doing 主動(dòng) 進(jìn)行 使役動(dòng)詞（ have） + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ) done 被動(dòng) 完成（無(wú)時(shí)間性） being done 被動(dòng) 進(jìn)行 7 eg: I heard her sing an English song just now. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. I heard an English song being sung by a little girl. I want to have my hair cut. 隨堂練習(xí)（用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式 填空） (1)At that moment I saw him ______(cross) the road. (2)I was glad to see the children well _____(take) care of. to 的不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加上 to。 (但 why+不帶 to 的不定式。即： Sb to do sth Allow， permit, forbid,advise doing sth 高考鏈接： （ 2020 江蘇） Can I smoke here? Sorry. We don’t allow____ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking 5) “ 特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +to do”結(jié)構(gòu) eg. I don’t know what to do. He showed us how to do the work. He has no idea of how to answer this question. where to go tomorrow has not been decided. The question is which to choose. “特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +to do”可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。 try doing （ 6） mean to do sth. 打算、意欲做某事 。 regret doing （ 4） stop to do 。 fet doing (已做 ) （ 2） remember to do (未做 )。 can’t stand； be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)等動(dòng)詞詞組也要用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。 forbid, imagine, risk。 admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象，設(shè)想 )； avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice。 禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。 agree, ask/beg, help. 此外， afford， strive/struggle， happen， wait, threaten, arrange, fail, grow等也要用不定式做賓語(yǔ) eg. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. 2). 下列動(dòng)詞只能用 動(dòng)名詞 做賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢 記下面的口訣： 考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想。 refuse, manage, care, pretend。 主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致性：若句子的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)保持形式上的一致性。2. 不同點(diǎn)： （ 1 ） 不定式做主語(yǔ)側(cè)重表示特指的、具體的一次性動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，一般用不定式表示；動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)表示經(jīng)常性、一般性的動(dòng)作。 2. 完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。 2． 動(dòng)名詞的基本用法： 1）作主語(yǔ)： Seeing is believing. /Talking is easier than doing. /It’s no use waiting here. 1） 作表語(yǔ)： My hobby（愛(ài)好） is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking. 2） 作賓語(yǔ)： When he came in,w