【正文】 teach,tell等。)（二）主語＋find/think/consider/believe等＋賓語＋adj＋to do.(注：其中to do常用主動表被動，其中do為vt,主語為to do的賓語。eg:①She wanted me to arrive there early. ②Our headmaster call on us to work hard.（2）動詞不定式可作感官動詞（五看二聽一感覺即：see,look at,watch,observe,notice，hear,listen to，feel）和使讓動詞（let,make,have等）后面的賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號to要省略，但如果句子變被動結(jié)構(gòu)。賓語與作補(bǔ)語的不定式之間是主動關(guān)系。) ②She is (only) too pleased to go home.(她非常高興可以回家了。 eg:①He is old enough to go to school.② He is too weak to raise the stone.但“too＋表情感形容詞（pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious等）＋to do”表示肯定意義，too前面可用only,but等詞修飾。eg:In order to avoid mistakes,check your homework. ，往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不愿得到的結(jié)果。)不定式作狀語主要是表示目的、條件、原因和結(jié)果，可位于句首或句末，但句首時(shí)通常用逗號隔開。) The little girl was unhappy because she had no friends to play with. ( 不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。) ②His wish to be an artist has never e true.( 不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系。eg:To see is to believe.(3)如果主語部分的謂語動詞或非謂語動詞是實(shí)義動詞do的某種形式，那么作表語的不定式可以省去to.eg:①The first thing to do is find her. ②The only thing he could do was tell the truth.不定式作定語常放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。同樣，“特殊疑問詞＋不定式”具有名詞特征，也可作表語。 ②I have no choice but to wait。eg:①She didn’t know whether to go or not. ②They haven’t decided when and where to build the school.（4）不定式可作介but,except,besides“除……之外”的賓語，介詞前有實(shí)義動詞do的任何一種形式，后邊的不定式就無to,否則必帶to。 eg。)（1）常只用不定式作賓語的動詞有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等。)②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我們做好這項(xiàng)工作是必要的。)（2）不定式短語較長時(shí)，通常放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語。不定式作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。高考對不定式的考查主要有不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、作用、否定、省略、連詞＋不定式等。但是，只要認(rèn)真分析、透徹理解、看透本質(zhì)、準(zhǔn)確把握，就一定能在高考中運(yùn)籌帷幄，游刃有余。非謂語動詞用法總結(jié)非謂語動詞是歷年高考英語的重要考點(diǎn)之一，也是較難掌握的難點(diǎn)之一。它貫穿于英語學(xué)習(xí)和考試過程的始終。一．非謂語動詞區(qū)別簡表 類別區(qū)別to dodoingdone含義主動被動同位或?qū)碇鲃踊颍ㄕ冢┻M(jìn)行被動或完成成分（名詞）主語、賓語、表語（不定式）定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語（動名詞）主語、賓語、表語、定語（表用途）(現(xiàn)在分詞)定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語（過去分詞）作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、表語（多表狀態(tài)）否定（not）to do(not)doing(not)done時(shí)態(tài)一般：to do進(jìn)行：to be doing完成：to have done完成進(jìn)行:to have been doing一般:doing進(jìn)行:本身完成:having done（只作狀語）完成進(jìn)行:無一般：done進(jìn)行：無完成：本身 語態(tài)一般被動：to be done 進(jìn)行被動：無完成被動：to have been done完成進(jìn)行被動:無一般被動:being done 進(jìn)行被動:本身完成被動:having been done完成進(jìn)行被動:無本身作用作目的狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語 作時(shí)間狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、方式狀語、伴隨狀語、讓步狀語作時(shí)間狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語、方式狀語、伴隨狀語、讓步狀語二．不定式的用法 不定式不可作謂語，但它可以有自己的賓語、狀語，構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語（表用途）、狀語或補(bǔ)足語。不定式作主語表示具體的動作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(說是一回事，做是另外一回事。eg:①It is important to learn English well.(學(xué)好英語是重要的。)③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀請?jiān)谶@兒發(fā)表演講是一個極大的榮幸。 eg:①He refused to help me.(他拒絕幫助我.)②She has agreed to e tomorrow.(他已同意明天來.)(2) 不定式較長時(shí)，作賓語，也可用it代替，放在后面。I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) “特殊疑問詞﹢不定式to do結(jié)構(gòu)”具有名詞特征，可作賓語。eg:①I want to do nothing but play the puter games。（1）不定式作表語放在be和其他系動詞后，說明主語的內(nèi)容。eg:①M(fèi)y job is to sweep the floor. ②His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing.③The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well. (2)不定式作主語時(shí)，表語也必須為不定式，結(jié)構(gòu)必須保持一致。eg:①I have something important to tell you.(不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。) He is the right man to do the job. ( 不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。)（注：若不定式為不及物動詞，其后須加上相應(yīng)的介詞。eg:①We set off early that morning to catch the first bus.（目的） ②To get a good result,she worked very hard.（目的） ③I feel it an honor to be invited to the party.(條件) ④She was very happy to get the first prize.(原因) ⑤He worked hard only to fail.(結(jié)果)(注： as 或in order后,與它們一起作謂語，表示目的，但so as引起的不定式不可置于句首。eg:He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.)3．“形容詞＋enough＋不定式”和“too＋形容詞或副詞（不表情感）＋不定式” 也可作結(jié)果狀語。eg:①They were (only) too anxious to leave.(他們只是太急于離開了。)不定式作補(bǔ)語表示動作的完成。（1）后接動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的常見動詞有：want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg,request,require,beg,get,advise,persuade,invite,order,remind,permit,allow,send,callon,wouldlike/love,arrange for,depend on等。eg:①He made them climb the hill. ②They were made to climb the hill.(3)動詞不定式可作形容詞的補(bǔ)足語動詞不定式可作形容詞的補(bǔ)足語，句型為：(一)主語＋系動詞＋表語（adj為convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/impossible/pleasent等）＋to do.(注：to do常用主動表被動，其中do為vt,主語為to do的賓語。)eg: ①He is easy to fool.　　?、?The woman is easy to work with.　　?、?He found the job is difficult to work out.（４）“特殊疑問詞＋不定式to do”具有名詞特征，可作賓補(bǔ)。)eg:I’ll tell you how to get there7不定式作評注性狀語或插入語不定式可以作評注性狀語或插入語,放在句子前面、中間或末尾。eg:To begin with,I think you are wrong.三．動名詞用法動名詞具有動詞和名詞的特點(diǎn)，有一般式和完成式，有主動式和被動式，可作主語、賓語、.（1）動名詞作主語動名詞作主語表示抽象動作，指一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。eg:①I can’t imagine marrying her.②She managed to escape being punished.以下動詞詞組后面只接動名詞作賓語：give up,belong to,look forward to,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful time (in)等。在概念上可以和主語劃等號。eg:His hobby is painting.(4)動名詞可作定語動名詞可作定語，表示所修飾事物的功能或用途。1作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，單個ving放在被修飾的名詞前；如果短語作定語，則放在所修飾詞的后面。eg:①the falling leaves＝the leaves which are falling ②the rising sun＝the sun which is rising ③I saw him go into the house facing south.2作狀語動詞ing或其短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨等。eg:①Hearing the news,they got excited.(時(shí)間)②Having finished his homework,she was playing on the playground.(原因)③Studying hard,you are sure to get the first prize.(條件)3作補(bǔ)語現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語表示動作正在進(jìn)行，賓語與作補(bǔ)語的現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關(guān)系。表示動作正在進(jìn)行。大多數(shù)使動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞通?？勺鞅碚Z，常見的有：interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasing,exciting,moving,disappointing,surpring,encouraging等。注：“連詞+doing短語”一般情況下，分詞作狀語時(shí)，只能根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系而不能根據(jù)語法特征來判定它是時(shí)間狀語、條件狀語或讓步狀語等。但如果在其前加上when,if,once,since等連詞，就會很清楚地表明狀語的性質(zhì)。五．過去分詞過去分詞既有副詞的特征又有動詞的特征，在句中可作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、表語等成分。其中及物動詞的過去分詞表示完成或被動概念，不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成概念，沒有被動的意味。它和被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系。eg:①Tired out,they stopped to have a rest.(原因) ②Taken around the city,we were impressed by the city’s new look. ③Though warned of the danger ,he still went skating on the thin ice. (3)作補(bǔ)語及物動詞的過去分詞作補(bǔ)語，和賓語之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。(1)可以帶過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有感官動詞（五看二聽一感覺），使役動詞have,get,make等，以及其他類動keep,leave,like,want,wish等。如：be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered with,be dress