【正文】 ific activities） （ 1）進(jìn)貨后勤 （ Inbound Logistics） 與提供產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的 接收、儲(chǔ)存和分配相關(guān)聯(lián)的各種活動(dòng)（ Activities relevant to the reception, storage and distribution of products and services）。s value chain is defined as the price that the customers are willing/pleased to pay for the products supplied or services rendered. Most theories argue that the success of corporate strategy and the increase in wealth result from the two strategies: the first is to reduce the cost of operation。多數(shù)理論認(rèn)為，企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略的成功與財(cái)富的增加來(lái)源于兩個(gè)戰(zhàn)略：一是降低經(jīng)營(yíng)的成本；二是盡可能地增加收入。s Value Chain Model/Theory） 邁克爾 資源的貶值速度越慢，就越有利于形成核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力（ The slower the rate of depreciation for the resources , the more advantageous it is to form the core petitiveness）。 （ 4）不可替代的資源（ Nonsubstitutable Resources）。 （ 3）不可被模仿的資源（ CostlytoImitate Resources）。企業(yè)占有的資源越稀缺，越能滿足顧客的獨(dú)特6 / 63 大家網(wǎng) 更多精品在大家 ！ 大家 學(xué)習(xí) 網(wǎng) 聲明：本資料由 大家論壇經(jīng)濟(jì)師考試專區(qū) http://club.topsage.com/forum1151.html 收集整理，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出自 http://club.topsagom 更多注會(huì) CPA考試信息，考試真題，模擬題： http://club.topsage.com/forum1151.html 大家論壇，全免費(fèi)公益性注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師論壇，等待您的光臨！ 需求，從而越有可能變成企業(yè)的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力（ The more scarce resource the enterprises own/occupy, the more able the enterprises are to meet the unique needs of the customer, and the more likely the resource is to bee the pany39。指能幫助企業(yè)利用外部環(huán)境中的機(jī)會(huì)、降低潛在威脅并建立競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的資源（ It refers to the resources that can help enterprises to take advantage of opportunities in the external environment, reduce the potential threat and to build petitive advantage）。相反，有的還可能會(huì)削弱企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。 （ 1）保護(hù)型戰(zhàn)略性資產(chǎn)尋求者，是指那些將業(yè)務(wù)分布在另一國(guó)家以保護(hù)其本國(guó)基礎(chǔ)的企業(yè)（ The strategic assets seekers with protection character/feature is/refers to the enterprise which distribute the activities in another country to protect its own based enterprise）； （ 2）擴(kuò)張 型戰(zhàn)略性資產(chǎn)尋求者，則包括那些通過(guò)在不熟悉的市場(chǎng)中建立競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)而進(jìn)行首次擴(kuò)張的企業(yè)（ The strategic asset seekers with expansion character include those enterprise which initiate the expansion and establish their petitive advantage in the new/unfamiliar markets.） 五、核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 （ core/key petitiveness） 核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，是指能為企業(yè)帶來(lái)相對(duì)于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的資源和能力。 尋求戰(zhàn)略性資產(chǎn) （重點(diǎn)掌握） 戰(zhàn)略性資產(chǎn)尋求者與效率尋求是緊密相關(guān)的。能占領(lǐng)新的市場(chǎng)對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的戰(zhàn)略來(lái)說(shuō)十分重要（ Market seekers include those enterprises which maintain and protect existing markets, explore and develop new markets. To occupy new markets is very important to achieve their strategic goals.） 尋求效率（ Search efficiency） 尋求效率的企業(yè)有兩類（ There are two types of efficiencyseeking enterprises）： （ 1）根據(jù)勞動(dòng)分工將活動(dòng)分布于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家（ The activities of the 大家網(wǎng) 5 / 63 更多精品在大家 ！ 大家 學(xué)習(xí) 網(wǎng) enterprises are distributed according to the division of labor among welldeveloped and underdeveloped countries）。 消費(fèi)細(xì)分從總體上來(lái)說(shuō)分為市場(chǎng)細(xì)分和工業(yè)細(xì)分 . （ Generally speaking, the consumer segments can be divided into market segments and industry segments.） 四、國(guó)際化行為 （ The international behavior） 最常見的國(guó)際化經(jīng)營(yíng)動(dòng)因包括（ The most mon international operations motivation include）： 尋求資源（ Search the resources） 目的：尋找不同的方法來(lái)降低其在其他國(guó)家的生產(chǎn)成本（ Objective/purpose: To search different ways to reduce their production costs in other countries）。行業(yè)的固定成本高，則現(xiàn)有企業(yè)為了降低單位固定成本而增加產(chǎn)量，造成競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈（ The industry39。如果行業(yè)增長(zhǎng)緩慢，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者數(shù)量不多，但彼此規(guī)模實(shí)力相差不大，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也會(huì)很激烈（ The number of petitors. The more petitors in the market, the higher the intensity of petition. Even though the number of petitors is small, the petition will be very intense if the petitors have similar scale of strength）。 （ If the buyers are facing more alternative products, they will be stronger in terms of their bargaining power.） 4 / 63 大家網(wǎng) 更多精品在大家 ！ 大家 學(xué)習(xí) 網(wǎng) 聲明：本資料由 大家論壇經(jīng)濟(jì)師考試專區(qū) http://club.topsage.com/forum1151.html 收集整理，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出自 http://club.topsagom 更多注會(huì) CPA考試信息，考試真題，模擬題： http://club.topsage.com/forum1151.html 大家論壇，全免費(fèi)公益性注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師論壇，等待您的光臨！ （ Intensive petition with the petitors） 同業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)度是指行業(yè)現(xiàn)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)程度，它取決于下列因素（ The intensive petition with petitors refers to the degree of petition in the industry between the existing petitors. It depends on the following factors）： （ 1）競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的數(shù)量。在下列情況下，供應(yīng)商的議價(jià)能力較強(qiáng)：（ There are two types of threat by suppliers. One is to raise the supply price, and the second is to reduce the quality of supplied products or rendered services. Strong bargaining power by suppliers are indicated in the following cases:） （ 1）市場(chǎng)中沒有替代品，因而沒有其它供貨商（ There is no substitute product in the market, and thus there is no other supplier）； （ 2）該產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，且轉(zhuǎn)換成本非常高（ The product or service is unique, and it have high switching costs）； （ 3）供應(yīng)商所處的行業(yè)由少數(shù)幾家公司主導(dǎo)并面向大多數(shù)客戶銷售（ The industry of the suppliers is dominated by a few panies and these panies conduct sales for the majority of customers）； （ The bargaining ability of buyers） 在下列情況下，購(gòu)買商的議價(jià)能力較強(qiáng)（ The bargaining ability of buyers is stronger in the following cases）： （ 1）購(gòu)買商從賣方購(gòu)買的產(chǎn)品占了賣方銷售量的很大比例（ The products purchased by the buyer from the seller account for a large proportion of the seller sales.） （ 2）購(gòu)買商所購(gòu)買的產(chǎn)品對(duì)其經(jīng)營(yíng)來(lái)說(shuō)不是很重要，而且該產(chǎn)品缺少唯一性，導(dǎo)致購(gòu)買商不需要鎖定一家供應(yīng)商（ The products purchased by the buyer is not very important for their operations, and the product is in lack of uniqueness。有些行業(yè)（例如，制藥業(yè)和科技行業(yè)）要求投入大量資金來(lái)建立公司并進(jìn)行研究和開發(fā)，因而與資金投入相關(guān)的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)阻礙新公司進(jìn)入該行業(yè)（ Capital investment. Some industries （ for example, the pharmaceutical industry, and technology industry） require the substantial funding to build the pany and research and development as well, and therefore capital investment related to the investment risk will impede new panies to enter the industry）。 new ent