【正文】 2)最小支出＝Px?X+Py?y＝29＋39＝45(元)。六、計算題從甲地到乙地汽車原價為10元，火車的乘客為12萬，則火車乘客與汽車票價的價格交叉彈性為多少?答：[()/12]/[()/10]= 計算題：（每題8分，共16分。消費者剩余：是指消費者購買商品時愿意支付的最高價格和實際支付價格之差，是消費者購買商品時所得好處的總和。固執(zhí)。利益各方簽訂合約。時間框架外部性的私人解決方法的類型及其并不總是有效的原因?答：類型：用道德規(guī)范和社會約束來解決。必需品與奢侈品。T ，又考慮勞動的收入效應，那么勞動的供給曲線先向右上方傾斜，再向左上方傾斜。T ＞AVC時，完全競爭企業(yè)的供給曲線和MR曲線相同。T ，某廠商生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品的要素投入價格為20元，其邊際產(chǎn)量為5，則根據(jù)利潤最大化原則，出售該產(chǎn)品的邊際收益應為20元。F ，如果：MPa＝10，MPb＝7，Pa＝4，Pb＝3，企業(yè)就應該增加B的使用量。F =f（L，K），當平均產(chǎn)量（APL）達到最大值時，總產(chǎn)量（TPL）仍處于上升階段，還未達到最大值。正確的填T，錯誤的填F。15．產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線是從下列哪條曲線導出的?(D)； ； ； ?？梢杂稍撋a(chǎn)要素A的(B)曲線表示。； ； ； ，Ed=2，P=20元，則MR為(B)。，這說明（B）。(D)。 。(D)。，收入效應使需求量減少 ，收入效應使需求量增加 ，收入效應使需求量減少 ，收入效應使需求量增加，a點為AB線段的中點，如圖，則(B)。  (B)。企業(yè)外在經(jīng)濟是由于廠商的生產(chǎn)活動所依賴的外界環(huán)境得到改善兒產(chǎn)生的 價格歧視，指廠商在相同時間內(nèi)以相同產(chǎn)品向不同的購買者所取不同的價格，或在充分考慮生產(chǎn)、銷售以及風險的變動后，相同產(chǎn)品的銷售價格與其邊際成本不 相稱。邊際產(chǎn)量是指，其他生產(chǎn)要素投入不變的情況下，增加一個單位一種生產(chǎn)要素投入所帶來的總產(chǎn)量的增加量。s opportunity costs of production are equal to its（）.A)explicit costs )implicit costs )explicit costs + implicit )explicit costs + implicit costs + total of the following products would be considered scarce?（）A)automobiles B)footballs autographed by Messi C)tomatos D)All of the above are of the following statements about the price elasticity of demand is correct?（）A)The price elasticity of demand for a good measures the willingness of buyers of the good to buy less of the good as its price )Price elasticity of demand reflects the many economic, psychological, and social forces that shape consumer )Other things equal, if good x has close substitutes and good y does not have close substitutes, then the demand for good x will be more elastic than the demand for good )All of the above are the market for illegal drugs, when the government is successful in reducing the flow of drugs into the United States,（）.A)supply decreases, demand is unaffected, and price )demand decreases, supply is unaffected, and price )demand and supply both decrease, leaving price essentially )supply decreases, demand increases, and price increases imposition of a binding price floor on a market causes quantity demanded to be（）.A)greater than quantity )less than quantity )equal to quantity )Both a)and b)are tax imposed on the buyers of a good will（）.A)raise both the price buyers pay and the effective price sellers )raise the price buyers pay and lower the effective price sellers )lower the price buyers pay and raise the effective price sellers )lower both the price buyers pay and the effective price sellers the current allocation of resources in the market for wallpaper is efficient, then it must be the case that（）.A)producer surplus equals consumer surplus in the market for )the market for wallpaper is in )on the last unit of wallpaper that was produced and sold, the value to buyers exceeded the cost to )All of the above are result of welfare economics is that the equilibrium price of a product is considered to be the best price because it（）.A)maximizes both the total revenue for firms and the quantity supplied of the )maximizes the bined welfare of buyers and )minimizes costs and maximizes )minimizes the level of welfare things equal, the deadweight loss of a tax（）.A)decreases as the size of the tax )increases as the size of the tax increases, but the increase in the deadweight loss is less rapid than the increase in the size of the )increases as the size of the tax increases, and the increase in the deadweight loss is more rapid than the increase in the size of the )increases as the price elasticities of demand and/or supply increase, but the deadweight loss does not change as the size of the tax cause deadweight losses because they（）.A)lead to losses in surplus for consumers and for producers that, when taken together, exceed tax revenue collected by the )distort incentives to both buyers and )prevent buyers and sellers from realizing some of the gains from )All of the above are a petitive market, the actions of any single buyer or seller will（）.A)have a negligible impact on the market )have little effect on market equilibrium quantity but will affect market equilibrium )affect marginal revenue and average revenue but not )adversely affect the profitability of more than one firm in the the price of milk rises, when is the price elasticity of demand likely to be the lowest?（）A)immediately after the price increase B)one month after the price increase C)three months after the price increase D)one year after the price increase good X has a negative ine elasticity of implies that good X is（）.A)a normal )a )an inferior )a fully understand how taxes affect economic wellbeing, we must pare the（）.A)benefit to buyers with the loss to )price paid by buyers to the price received by )profits earned by firms to the losses incurred by )decrease in total surplus to the increase in revenue raised by the tax placed on a good（）.A)causes the effective price to sellers to )affects the welfare of buyers of the good but not the welfare of )causes the equilibrium quantity of the good to )creates a burden that is usually borne entirely by the sellers of the increase in the size of a tax is most likely to increase tax revenue in a market with（）.A)elastic demand and elastic )elastic demand and inelastic )inelastic demand and elastic )inelastic demand and inelastic the tax on a good is tripled, the deadweight loss of the tax（）.A)remains ))increases by a factor of )increases by a factor of normally assume that the goal of a firm is to（）.A)maximize its total )maximize its )minimize its explicit )minimize its total Tanya sells 200 glasses of fruit punch at $ each, her total revenues are（）.A)$)$)$)$ is defined as（）.A)net revenue minus )total revenue minus total )average revenue minus average total )marginal revenue minus marginal difference between explicit and implicit costs is that（）.A)explicit costs must be greater than implicit )explicit costs do not require a direct monetary outlay by the firm, whereas implicit costs )implicit costs do not require a direct mone