【正文】 rget, will you?6．如果陳述句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，在附加疑問句中用 be not there結(jié)構(gòu)? 如： There is something wrong, isn’t there? There won’t be any trouble, will there?7．當(dāng)前面的陳述句中有含否定意義的如no, never, hardly等詞時(shí)，應(yīng)視為否定句，其后的附加疑問句應(yīng)用肯定。如：She went there last Sunday, didn’t she? was careless, wasn’t he? The kite flies very high, doesn’t it? They study hard, don’t they? We won’t go there, will we?3．如果陳述句有一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞），其疑問句用同一助動(dòng)詞（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）。注意：1．前一部分肯定，后一部分否定；前一部分否定，后一部分肯定。It is Sunday about going swimming? 明天是星期天，去游泳怎么樣？十、語法點(diǎn)撥——反意疑問句The pictures are beautiful, aren’t they? Yes, they ’s a nice day, isn’t it? Yes, it like sports, don’t you? Yes, I looks like rain, doesn’t it? No, it doesn’，為了可靠或出于禮貌發(fā)問，以求得確切答案，稱為反意疑問句。你呢？注意：無論是How about?? 還是What about?? 因有介詞about，后跟名詞或代詞。s go shopping together.)How about a scarf? 一條圍巾怎么樣？ How about?? =What about?? ??怎么樣？ 提出一種可能性，詢問對(duì)方意見。為什么不問一下劉老師呢？ Why don39。t you ask ? =I can39。通常也可以用Why not do sth.?來表達(dá)。在3a中小結(jié)了幾種請(qǐng)求幫助的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，請(qǐng)注意。如： —Would you mind my asking you a few questions? 請(qǐng)教您幾個(gè)問題好嗎？ —No, please ，請(qǐng)講。其結(jié)構(gòu)是would you mind＋動(dòng)名詞＋其他?注意針對(duì)該句型的回答，英漢有別。（現(xiàn)在在北京或在途中）He has been in Beijing for two 。試比較： He has been to 。have been in?在??多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了I have been in the cinema for three 。（表示狀態(tài)）辨析：have been in, have gone to 與have been tobeen是系動(dòng)詞be的過去分詞形式。下周回來。（曾經(jīng)去過某地現(xiàn)在已回來）－Where is Linda? I haven’t seen her for two days.－She has gone to London for will be back next week.－琳達(dá)哪兒去了？我兩天沒看見她了。have / has been in 的區(qū)別。注意have /has been to。We have learned five English songs this 。如：How long have you been skating?What book have you been reading these days? I’ve been sitting here for 3 hours.(I’ve=I have)I have been collecting stamps since I was long has he been collecting kites?We haven’t been seeing movies for a long has been waiting for you all this 、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，由“助動(dòng)詞have/has +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。六、語法點(diǎn)撥——現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) ※構(gòu)成：have/has＋been＋現(xiàn)在分詞※用法：用來表示某一動(dòng)作在過去開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能剛剛結(jié)束，也有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。If you wait a minute, I shall go and find ，我就去把他找來。主句用將來時(shí)或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，從句的將來時(shí)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。）4．當(dāng)直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，我們通常用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句來轉(zhuǎn)述，這個(gè)請(qǐng)求或命令通常由一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語來表示；其動(dòng)詞通常用tell, ask, order等。3．當(dāng)直接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí)，將其改成由原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，將其語序改變成陳述句的語序。其人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等的變化與陳述句的變化相同，另還要注意將疑問句的語序變成陳述句。如果引用的句子原來是個(gè)陳述句，我們?cè)陂g接引語中就要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）在引語的開頭用連詞that：（2）根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q：（3）注意引語中的謂語與主句的謂語在時(shí)態(tài)上的一致：※這個(gè)句子中因?yàn)橛忻黠@的過去時(shí)間狀語，可以不改。如果是引用原話，被引用的部分被稱為直接引語(Direct Speech)。While her children were doing their homework, she was doing some ，她在做家務(wù)活。when=at that time 當(dāng)??的時(shí)候，其動(dòng)作可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，也可以是瞬間的動(dòng)作。We’ll start when the team leader ，我們就出發(fā)。4．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般過去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一般說來該動(dòng)作已完成。例如： They were waiting for you 。The students were talking about the movie when the teacher came 。He was cooking at 12 o’clock 。2．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：表示在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如： Were you playing the puter games at 10 last night? 昨天晚上10點(diǎn)你在玩電腦游戲嗎？Was your brother doing his homework at this time yesterday? 你哥哥昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在做作業(yè)嗎？ 注意：①I was 不能縮寫成I’s。We weren’t playing basketball when he 。（1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定式是在動(dòng)詞be后加not構(gòu)成。）It is going to rain this ’re going to have a new subject this ．用will do表示將來時(shí)（表示單純的將來概念或表示“意愿”。第二篇：初二年級(jí)下學(xué)期語法總結(jié)初二年級(jí)下學(xué)期語法總結(jié) 一．一般將來時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)在八年級(jí)中我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了以下幾種表現(xiàn)形式： 1．用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來時(shí)（表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事件。十、語法點(diǎn)撥——反意疑問句The pictures are beautiful, aren’t they? Yes, they ’s a nice day, isn’t it? Yes, it like sports, don’t you? Yes, I looks like rain, doesn’t it? No, it doesn’，為了可靠或出于禮貌發(fā)問，以求得確切答案，稱為反意疑問句。通常也可以用Why not do sth.?來表達(dá)。如果表示“不介意”，常說“No, not at all／please do／go ahead／ certainly not”；表示“介意”，則用“I’m sorry, but I do／I’d rather you didn’t／you’d better not”等。八、Would you mind?? 你介意做??嗎?這是英語中委婉請(qǐng)求的表達(dá)方式，語氣委婉、客氣、禮貌，易于對(duì)方接受。（現(xiàn)在不在北京）He has gone to 。三者都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，“have been to＋地點(diǎn)”表示去過某處，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來，不在那里了；而“have gone to＋地點(diǎn)”則表示到某處去了，現(xiàn)在還沒有回來，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里或返回的途中；“have been in＋地點(diǎn)”表示某人在某處待了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。be有多種形式：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式是am, is, are,過去式是was, were, 現(xiàn)在分詞形式是being。have / has been in 的區(qū)別。注意have /has been to。We have learned five English songs this 。如：七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，由“助動(dòng)詞have/has +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。六、語法點(diǎn)撥——現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) ※構(gòu)成：have/has＋been＋現(xiàn)在分詞※用法：用來表示某一動(dòng)作在過去開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能剛剛結(jié)束，也有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。主句用將來時(shí)或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，從句的將來時(shí)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。）4．當(dāng)直接引語為祈使句時(shí)，我們通常用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句來轉(zhuǎn)述，這個(gè)請(qǐng)求或命令通常由一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語來表示；其動(dòng)詞通常用tell, ask, order等。3．當(dāng)直接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí)，將其改成由原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，將其語序改變成陳述句的語序。其人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等的變化與陳述句的變化相同，另還要注意將疑問句的語序變成陳述句。如果引用的句子原來是個(gè)陳述句，我們?cè)陂g接引語中就要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）在引語的開頭用連詞that：（2）根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q：（3）注意引語中的謂語與主句的謂語在時(shí)態(tài)上的一致：※這個(gè)句子中因?yàn)橛忻黠@的過去時(shí)間狀語，可以不改。如果是引用原話，被引用的部分被稱為直接引語(Direct Speech)。While her children were doing their homework, she was doing some