【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 986, all this morning, these few days 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：How long have you been skating?What book have you been reading these days? I’ve been sitting here for 3 hours.(I’ve=I have)I have been collecting stamps since I was long has he been collecting kites?We haven’t been seeing movies for a long has been waiting for you all this 、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，由“助動(dòng)詞have/has +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。翻譯成漢語時(shí)通常會(huì)用到“已經(jīng)”等字樣。We have learned five English songs this 。I have seen this 。注意have /has been to。have /has/ gone to。have / has been in 的區(qū)別。I have been to Beijing three 。（曾經(jīng)去過某地現(xiàn)在已回來）－Where is Linda? I haven’t seen her for two days.－She has gone to London for will be back next week.－琳達(dá)哪兒去了？我兩天沒看見她了。－她到倫敦度假去了。下周回來。（某人到某地去了，現(xiàn)在不在這里）We have been in this city for 10 。（表示狀態(tài)）辨析：have been in, have gone to 與have been tobeen是系動(dòng)詞be的過去分詞形式。be有多種形式：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式是am, is, are,過去式是was, were, 現(xiàn)在分詞形式是being。have been in?在??多長時(shí)間了I have been in the cinema for three 。三者都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，“have been to＋地點(diǎn)”表示去過某處，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來，不在那里了；而“have gone to＋地點(diǎn)”則表示到某處去了，現(xiàn)在還沒有回來，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里或返回的途中；“have been in＋地點(diǎn)”表示某人在某處待了多長時(shí)間。試比較： He has been to 。（現(xiàn)在不在北京）He has gone to 。（現(xiàn)在在北京或在途中）He has been in Beijing for two 。八、Would you mind?? 你介意做??嗎?這是英語中委婉請求的表達(dá)方式，語氣委婉、客氣、禮貌，易于對方接受。其結(jié)構(gòu)是would you mind＋動(dòng)名詞＋其他?注意針對該句型的回答，英漢有別。如果表示“不介意”，常說“No, not at all／please do／go ahead／ certainly not”；表示“介意”，則用“I’m sorry, but I do／I’d rather you didn’t／you’d better not”等。如： —Would you mind my asking you a few questions? 請教您幾個(gè)問題好嗎？ —No, please ，請講。又如：—Would you mind if I took this seat? 我可以坐這個(gè)座位嗎？ —Sorry, but it’s been ，這個(gè)位置有人坐。在3a中小結(jié)了幾種請求幫助的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，請注意?？隙ńY(jié)構(gòu)：Would you mind＋doing?? Could you please＋do?? Would you please＋do? Please＋do? 否定結(jié)構(gòu)：Would you mind not doing…? Could you please not do…? Would you please not do…? Please don’t do…九、如何給別人提出建議和意見Why don’t you do sth.?為什么不做某事呢？表示商量或給對方的建議，否定式疑問顯得更委婉，更容易為對方所接受。通常也可以用Why not do sth.?來表達(dá)。如：I can’t answer it, don39。t you ask ? =I can39。t answer it, not ask ? 我也不會(huì)回答。為什么不問一下劉老師呢？ Why don39。 we go shopping together? =Why not go shopping together?為什么不一起去購物呢？(意同：Let39。s go shopping together.)How about a scarf? 一條圍巾怎么樣？ How about?? =What about?? ??怎么樣？ 提出一種可能性，詢問對方意見。I am a about you? 我是個(gè)學(xué)生。你呢？注意：無論是How about?? 還是What about?? 因有介詞about，后跟名詞或代詞。若跟動(dòng)詞，則用動(dòng)名詞形式。It is Sunday about going swimming? 明天是星期天，去游泳怎么樣？十、語法點(diǎn)撥——反意疑問句The pictures are beautiful, aren’t they? Yes, they ’s a nice day, isn’t it? Yes, it like sports, don’t you? Yes, I looks like rain, doesn’t it? No, it doesn’，為了可靠或出于禮貌發(fā)問，以求得確切答案，稱為反意疑問句。反意疑問句由兩個(gè)部分組成：陳述句＋附加疑問句。注意：1．前一部分肯定，后一部分否定；前一部分否定，后一部分肯定。如： Henry is a good boy, isn’t he? She cant’ drive, can she?2．除there be句型之外，疑問句的主語必須與陳述部分的主語在人稱、數(shù)、性方面保持一致。如：She went there last Sunday, didn’t she? was careless, wasn’t he? The kite flies very high, doesn’t it? They study hard, don’t they? We won’t go there, will we?3．如果陳述句有一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞），其疑問句用同一助動(dòng)詞（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）。如： You can swim, can’t you?He hasn’t met my sister, has he?4．當(dāng)陳述句是“I’m ＋表語”時(shí)，由于“am not”無省略形式，附加疑問句用“aren’t I”代替。如：I’m late, aren’t I?I’m a student, aren’t I? 5．當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí)，后面的附加疑問句用will you? /won’t you?/can you? /can’t you?祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)后只能用will you? 如： Open the window, won’t you? Sit down, can you? Don’t forget, will you?6．如果陳述句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，在附加疑問句中用 be not there結(jié)構(gòu)? 如： There is something wrong, isn’t there? There won’t be any trouble, will there?7．當(dāng)前面的陳述句中有含否定意義的如no, never, hardly等詞時(shí)，應(yīng)視為否定句，其后的附加疑問句應(yīng)用肯定。如： He has few friends, does he?You have never been here, have you? She can hardly write her name, can she?8．當(dāng)陳述部分是let’s?時(shí)，其后附加疑問句用shall we? 當(dāng)陳述句部分是let us?時(shí)，其后附加疑問句用will you? Let’s go home together, shall we? Let us go home, will you?9．反意疑問句要用yes, no來回答。只要事實(shí)是肯定的，用yes；事實(shí)是否定的。如：你現(xiàn)在正站著，對下面疑問句的回答完全是一樣的。注意幾種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：到目前為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)：（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。We study hard at school every goes to school by bike.（2）一般過去時(shí)：表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示在過去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。Did you go there last week?I went to see my uncle yesterday.（3）一般將來時(shí)：表示在將來會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。I’ll e to see you next is babysitting her sister this are going to Wuhan next Monday.（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示在說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Is she listening to music? He is having a meeting.（5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。What was she doing when you came in?They were watching TV when I went into the room.（6）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示在說話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I have learned English for 5 you ever been to Singapore?（7）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示某一在過去開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能剛剛結(jié)束，也有可能要繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。We have been skating for two has been learning Chinese since she came to 。