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severe in the critically ill patient. Moreover, renal function is unlikely to recover within a short period during persistent and severe failure of other organs. Furthermore, various inflammatory mediators are cleared by the kidney.,第二十三頁(yè),共四十二頁(yè)。du224。n)廣為接受的Septic AKI開(kāi)始RRT時(shí)機(jī),尤其是在septic shock 時(shí):RIFLE injury stage (or AKIN stage 2) but consensus on this topic awaits results from largescale RCTs.,第二十一頁(yè),共四十二頁(yè)。,Timing of CRRT,目前(m249。,Timing of CRRT,There is significant variation in the timing of initiation of RRT, with up to twofold differences in the reported values of BUN, creatinine, or urine output at RRT initiation.,Clinical studies evaluating the timing of initiation of CRRT in critically ill patients,第十九頁(yè),共四十二頁(yè)。,Contents,Introduction,1,Type of therapy,2,Timing of CRRT,3,Dose of CRRT,4,Conclusions,5,6,第十七頁(yè),共四十二頁(yè)。qi225。)依賴血管活性藥物的AKI患者,CRRT才是最適合的; 依賴血管活性藥物的AKI患者將來(lái)接受長(zhǎng)期透析的幾率CRRT 間斷性治療; AKI的急性期推薦應(yīng)用CRRT,尤其是對(duì)于嚴(yán)重血流動(dòng)力學(xué)不穩(wěn)定、需大量清除液體以便于進(jìn)行更有效藥物治療的患者。i)明顯的問(wèn)題, 有RCTs并沒(méi)有顯示出CRRT優(yōu)于IHD,Type of therapy,Kidney Int 2009,76:422427. BMC Nephrol 2010, 11:32. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009, 24:512518. Lancet 2006,368:379385.,對(duì)于(du236。,有些研究表明在ICU不穩(wěn)定的患者中應(yīng)用IHD也不會(huì)存在(c IHD use was mostly restricted to ICUs in north and south America, where it was used as initial therapy in 30–40% of patients, while, by contrast, CRRT is used first in 100% of ICUs in Australia. Among patients receiving CRRT, however, marked variation in the modality, intensity, timing was observed Making it difficult to compare outcomes between patients on CRRT and those on IHD,Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 2010:6:521–529.,第十四頁(yè),共四十二頁(yè)。,Type of therapy,Clinical studies of CRRT in the ICU The diversity of clinical approaches to the treatment of AKI in the ICU is illustrated by the results of the BEST Kidney study, The multinational epidemiological study of RRT practice in the ICU Study documented the treatment of AKI in 1,738 patients in 54 ICUs on five continents,Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 2010:6:521–529.,第十三頁(yè),共四十二頁(yè)。,Type of therapy,These advantages have contributed to the widespread uptake of CRRT as the firstchoice RRT in ICUs throughout Australia, Japan and Europe. In these regions, CRRT is usually initiated and managed within the ICU, with RRT being integrated with other aspects of the management of critical illness,Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 2010:6:521–529.,第十一頁(yè),共四十二頁(yè)。 PEPA = polyether polymer alloy,Contrib Nephrol. Basel, Karger, 2010(166):11–20,第九頁(yè),共四十二頁(yè)。 PMMA = polymethylmethacrylate。,Contents,Introduction,1,Type of therapy,2,Timing of CRRT,3,Dose or intensity of CRRT,4,Conclusions